Dat betekent dat **elke waarde** die in Python uit een omgevingsvariabele wordt gelezen **een `str` zal zijn** en dat elke conversie naar een ander type of elke validatie in de code moet worden uitgevoerd.

func check(t *testing.T, testname string, buf *Buffer, s string) {
	bytes := buf.Bytes()
	str := buf.String()
	if buf.Len() != len(bytes) {
		t.Errorf("%s: buf.Len() == %d, len(buf.Bytes()) == %d", testname, buf.Len(), len(bytes))
	}

	if buf.Len() != len(str) {
		t.Errorf("%s: buf.Len() == %d, len(buf.String()) == %d", testname, buf.Len(), len(str))
	}

	if buf.Len() != len(s) {

For this, use the Python standard module <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`secrets`</a> to check the username and password.

`secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`.

To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8.

O `secrets.compare_digest()` necessita receber `bytes` ou `str` que possuem apenas caracteres ASCII (os em inglês). Isso significa que não funcionaria com caracteres como o `á`, como em `Sebastián`.

            assertEquals(pastExpiration, result.getExpiration());
            // toString should show negative remain time
            String str = result.toString();
            assertTrue(str.contains("remain="));
        }
    }

    }

    /**
     * Abbreviates a long text string.
     *
     * @param str The string to abbreviate.
     * @return The abbreviated string.
     */
    public String abbreviateLongText(final String str) {
        return StringUtils.abbreviate(str, ComponentUtil.getFessConfig().getMaxLogOutputLengthAsInteger());
    }

    /**
     * Normalizes an HTML language string.

   *     Stream.of("banana", "apple", "carrot", "asparagus", "cherry")
   *         .collect(
   *             toMultimap(
   *                  str -> str.charAt(0),
   *                  str -> str.substring(1),
   *                  MultimapBuilder.treeKeys().arrayListValues()::build));
   *
   * // is equivalent to
   *
   * static final ListMultimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP;

   *     Stream.of("banana", "apple", "carrot", "asparagus", "cherry")
   *         .collect(
   *             toMultimap(
   *                  str -> str.charAt(0),
   *                  str -> str.substring(1),
   *                  MultimapBuilder.treeKeys().arrayListValues()::build));
   *
   * // is equivalent to
   *
   * static final ListMultimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP;

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
    host: str
    save_data: bool
    if_modified_since: str | None = None
    traceparent: str | None = None
    x_tag: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(headers: Annotated[CommonHeaders, Header()]):
    return headers
```

```JSON
{
  "detail": "Item not found"
}
```

/// tip | Подсказка

При вызове `HTTPException` в качестве параметра `detail` можно передавать любое значение, которое может быть преобразовано в JSON, а не только `str`.

Вы можете передать `dict`, `list` и т.д.

Они автоматически обрабатываются **FastAPI** и преобразуются в JSON.

///

## Добавление пользовательских заголовков