from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):

///

To **learn the basics of HTTPS**, from a consumer perspective, check <a href="https://howhttps.works/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>.

Now, from a **developer's perspective**, here are several things to keep in mind while thinking about HTTPS:

from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse


class UnicornException(Exception):
    def __init__(self, name: str):
        self.name = name


app = FastAPI()


@app.exception_handler(UnicornException)
async def unicorn_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: UnicornException):
    return JSONResponse(
        status_code=418,

from typing import Set, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: Set[str] = set()


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    response_model=Item,
    summary="Create an item",

## 🗄 👩‍💻 🚂

📤 📚 🧰 🏗 👩‍💻 ⚪️➡️ **🗄**.

⚠ 🧰 <a href="https://openapi-generator.tech/" class="external-link" target="_blank">🗄 🚂</a>.

🚥 👆 🏗 **🕸**, 📶 😌 🎛 <a href="https://github.com/hey-api/openapi-ts" class="external-link" target="_blank">🗄-📕-🇦🇪</a>.

## 🏗 📕 🕸 👩‍💻

➡️ ▶️ ⏮️ 🙅 FastAPI 🈸:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ &amp; 🔛

import okio.ByteString
import okio.ByteString.Companion.encodeUtf8

/**
 * Tests how each code point is encoded and decoded in the context of each URL component.
 *
 * This supports [HttpUrlTest].
 */
class UrlComponentEncodingTester private constructor() {
  private val encodings: MutableMap<Int, Encoding> = LinkedHashMap()

  private fun allAscii(encoding: Encoding) =
    apply {
      for (i in 0..127) {

    nullWriter.write(test);
    nullWriter.write(test, 2, 10);
    nullWriter.append(null);
    nullWriter.append(null, 0, 4);

    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> nullWriter.append(null, -1, 4));

    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> nullWriter.append(null, 0, 5));

    // nothing really to assert?
    assertSame(CharStreams.nullWriter(), CharStreams.nullWriter());
  }

  /**

    nullWriter.write(test);
    nullWriter.write(test, 2, 10);
    nullWriter.append(null);
    nullWriter.append(null, 0, 4);

    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> nullWriter.append(null, -1, 4));

    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> nullWriter.append(null, 0, 5));

    // nothing really to assert?
    assertSame(CharStreams.nullWriter(), CharStreams.nullWriter());
  }

  /**

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Cookies(BaseModel):
    session_id: str
    fatebook_tracker: Union[str, None] = None
    googall_tracker: Union[str, None] = None


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(cookies: Annotated[Cookies, Cookie()]):

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str


items = [
    {"name": "Foo", "description": "There comes my hero"},
    {"name": "Red", "description": "It's my aeroplane"},
]


@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item])
async def read_items():