*
 * <h3>Examples</h3>
 *
 * <p>To compute the median:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * double myMedian = median().compute(myDataset);
 * }</pre>
 *
 * where {@link #median()} has been statically imported.
 *
 * <p>To compute the 99th percentile:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * double myPercentile99 = percentiles().index(99).compute(myDataset);
 * }</pre>
 *
 * where {@link #percentiles()} has been statically imported.
 *

Wenn Sie also den Artikel mit der ID `foo` bei der *Pfadoperation* anfragen, wird (ohne die Defaultwerte) die Response sein:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "price": 50.2
}
```

/// info

In Pydantic v1 hieß diese Methode `.dict()`, in Pydantic v2 wurde sie deprecated (aber immer noch unterstützt) und in `.model_dump()` umbenannt.

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "선택적인 설명란",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

...`description`과 `tax`는 (기본 값이 `None`으로 되어 있어) 선택적이기 때문에, 이 JSON "`object`"는 다음과 같은 상황에서도 유효합니다:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "price": 45.2
}
```

## 매개변수로서 선언하기

여러분의 *경로 작동*에 추가하기 위해, 경로 매개변수 그리고 쿼리 매개변수에서 선언했던 것과 같은 방식으로 선언하면 됩니다.

* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#12331](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12331) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Fine.dev. PR [#12271](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12271) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).

                }
            }
        }
        return decoded;
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((getId() == null) ? 0 : getId().hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;

     * <p>
     * To check how "1.2.7" compares to "1.2-SNAPSHOT", for example, you can issue
     * <pre>java -jar ${maven.repo.local}/org/apache/maven/maven-artifact/${maven.version}/maven-artifact-${maven.version}.jar "1.2.7" "1.2-SNAPSHOT"</pre>
     * command to command line. Result of given command will be something like this:
     * <pre>
     * Display parameters as parsed by Maven (in canonical form) and comparison result:

 * from {@link Double#equals}, as if implemented by:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * static boolean bitEquals(double x, double y) {
 *   long xBits = Double.doubleToRawLongBits(x);
 *   long yBits = Double.doubleToRawLongBits(y);
 *   return xBits == yBits;
 * }
 * }</pre>
 *
 * @author Doug Lea
 * @author Martin Buchholz
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible

     * URL class the following exception will occur:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * Exception MalformedURLException: unknown protocol: smb
     *     at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:480)
     *     at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:376)
     *     at java.net.URL.<init>(URL.java:330)
     *     at jcifs.smb1.smb1.SmbFile.<init>(SmbFile.java:355)
     *     ...
     * </pre><blockquote>
     */

```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):