import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * An {@link ClusterException} is a data structure that allows for some code to "throw multiple
 * exceptions", or something close to it. The prototypical code that calls for this class is
 * presented below:
 *
 * <pre>

        // Test that the exception is serializable
        ThemeException exception = new ThemeException("Serialization test");

        // Verify that the exception can be created and has the expected structure
        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof java.io.Serializable);
    }

    public void test_nestedExceptions() {
        // Test nested exception handling

        assertTrue(exception instanceof java.io.Serializable);
    }

    public void test_getMessage_withComplexCause() {
        // Test getMessage behavior with complex cause structure
        final Exception innerCause = new NullPointerException("NPE occurred");
        final Exception outerCause = new IllegalStateException("State error", innerCause);

 * which is optimal, and <i>not</i> the size of the internal hashtable, which could be much larger
 * than {@code size()}. Furthermore, this structure only depends on a fixed number of arrays; {@code
 * add(x)} operations <i>do not</i> create objects for the garbage collector to deal with, and for

     * initial thread's.
     */
    Set<Throwable> seenExceptionsLocal = seenExceptionsField;
    if (seenExceptionsLocal == null) {
      // TODO(cpovirk): Should we use a simpler (presumably cheaper) data structure?
      /*
       * Using weak references here could let us release exceptions earlier, but:
       *
       * 1. On Android, querying a WeakReference blocks if the GC is doing an otherwise-concurrent
       * pass.

        String result1 = provider1.toString();
        String result2 = provider2.toString();

        // Both should have the same format structure
        assertTrue(result1.startsWith("FessUserTimeZoneProcessProvider:{"));
        assertTrue(result2.startsWith("FessUserTimeZoneProcessProvider:{"));

        // But different hash codes

 * contains information about the named HTML entities such as {@code &} and {@code "} while
 * {@link #escapeUnsafe} is overridden to handle general escaping of the form {@code &#NNNNN;}.
 *
 * <p>The size of the data structure used by {@link ArrayBasedUnicodeEscaper} is proportional to the
 * highest valued code point that requires escaping. For example a replacement map containing the

import org.lastaflute.web.util.LaRequestUtil;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.VaMessenger;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * This class represents the base response structure for API results.
 * It encapsulates the API response and provides methods to build different types of API responses.
 */
public class ApiResult {

    /**
     * The API response object.
     */

 * array contains information about special ASCII characters such as {@code \\t} and {@code \\n}
 * while {@link #escapeUnsafe} is overridden to handle general escaping of the form {@code \\uxxxx}.
 *
 * <p>The size of the data structure used by {@link ArrayBasedCharEscaper} is proportional to the
 * highest valued character that requires escaping. For example a replacement map containing the

      // Runnable is executed more than once, allocate a wrapper that we know is safe to remove by
      // object identity.
      // A data structure that returned a removal handle from add() would allow eliminating this
      // allocation.
      submittedTask =
          new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {