* certificates). Set this to 1 so this certificate can sign intermediate certificates that can
     * themselves sign certificates. Add one for each additional layer of intermediates to permit.
     */
    fun certificateAuthority(maxIntermediateCas: Int) =
      apply {
        require(maxIntermediateCas >= 0) {
          "maxIntermediateCas < 0: $maxIntermediateCas"

      val toVerify = result[result.size - 1] as X509Certificate

      // If this cert has been signed by a trusted cert, use that. Add the trusted certificate to
      // the end of the chain unless it's already present. (That would happen if the first
      // certificate in the chain is itself a self-signed and trusted CA certificate.)
      val trustedCert = trustRootIndex.findByIssuerAndSignature(toVerify)

Certificate Authorities
-----------------------

The above example uses a self-signed certificate. This is convenient for testing but not
representative of real-world HTTPS deployment. To get closer to that we can use `HeldCertificate`
to generate a trusted root certificate, an intermediate certificate, and a server certificate.
We use `certificateAuthority(int)` to create certificates that can sign other certificates. The

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should return true when signed flag is not set")
        void testVerifyNoSignedFlag() {
            // Don't set the signed flag
            SMBUtil.writeInt4(0x00000000, data, 16);

            boolean result = digest.verify(data, 0, data.length, 0, msg);

            assertTrue(result, "Should return true when signed flag is not set");
        }

        @Test

   * ```
   *
   * The attacker compromises a CA. They take the public key from an intermediate certificate
   * signed by the compromised CA's certificate and uses it in a non-CA certificate. They ask the
   * pinned CA above to sign it for non-certificate-authority uses:
   *
   * ```
   *   pinnedRoot (trusted by CertificatePinner)
   *     -> pinnedIntermediate (trusted by CertificatePinner)
   *         -> attackerSwitch

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        if ((msg.getFlags2() & SmbConstants.FLAGS2_SECURITY_SIGNATURES) == 0) {
            // signature requirements need to be checked somewhere else
            log.warn("Expected signed response, but is not signed");
            return false;
        }

        update(this.macSigningKey, 0, this.macSigningKey.length);
        int index = offset;
        update(data, index, SmbConstants.SIGNATURE_OFFSET);

        if (sk == null) {
            throw new CIFSException("Signing is not initialized");
        }

        final int seqNum = this.signSequence.getAndIncrement();
        final byte[] seqBytes = new byte[4];
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(seqNum, seqBytes, 0);

        final MessageDigest mac = Crypto.getHMACT64(sk);
        mac.update(seqBytes); // sequence
        mac.update(data); // data

        response.readParameterWordsWireFormat(buffer, 0);

        // File size is stored as signed int
        long expectedSize = (int) fileSize;
        assertEquals(expectedSize, response.getSize());
    }

    @Test
    void testFileSizeOverflow() {
        // Test file size that overflows signed int
        response = new SmbComQueryInformationResponse(mockConfig, 0L);

    }

    @GwtIncompatible @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * Parses the specified string as a signed decimal integer value. The ASCII character {@code '-'}
   * (<code>'&#92;u002D'</code>) is recognized as the minus sign.
   *
   * <p>Unlike {@link Integer#parseInt(String)}, this method returns {@code null} instead of