Throwable cause = new RuntimeException("root cause");

        // Act
        SMBProtocolDowngradeException ex = new SMBProtocolDowngradeException(null, cause);

        // Assert - null message retained; cause preserved
        assertNull(ex.getMessage());
        assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
        assertEquals(SMBProtocolDowngradeException.class.getName(), ex.toString());
    }

    @Test

        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Payload Handling Tests")
    class PayloadHandlingTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle response with retained payload")
        void testHaveResponseWithRetainedPayload() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            byte[] buffer = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
            response.setRetainPayload(true);

        assertFalse(renewed, "renewCredentials should return false when renewable credentials are not renewed");
        assertEquals(mockRenewableCredentials, wrapper.getCredentials(), "Credentials should remain unchanged if renew() returns null");
        verify(mockRenewableCredentials).renew();
    }

    @Test

   * ReadWriteLock implementation whose read and write locks retain a reference back to this lock.
   * Otherwise, a reference to just the read lock or just the write lock would not suffice to ensure
   * the {@code ReadWriteLock} is retained.
   */
  private static final class WeakSafeReadWriteLock implements ReadWriteLock {
    private final ReadWriteLock delegate;

    WeakSafeReadWriteLock() {
      this.delegate = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

   * key. When a key-value pair is added to a multimap that didn't previously
   * contain any values for that key, a new collection generated by
   * createCollection is added to the map. That same collection instance
   * remains in the map as long as the multimap has any values for the key. If
   * all values for the key are removed, the key and collection are removed
   * from the map.
   *

        }
      }
    }
  }

  public void testRemainder() {
    for (long a : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
      for (long b : UNSIGNED_INTS) {
        try {
          assertThat(UnsignedInts.remainder((int) a, (int) b)).isEqualTo((int) (a % b));
          assertThat(b).isNotEqualTo(0);
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
          assertThat(b).isEqualTo(0);
        }
      }
    }
  }

        // Verify encoded length
        assertEquals(0, encodedLen, "Encoded length should be zero for zero length encodable");
        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }, dest, "Destination array should remain unchanged for zero length encoding");
    }

    @Test
    void testEncodeEmptySourceArray() {
        // Test with an empty source array
        byte[] data = {};

        if (result < 0) {
          result = UnsignedLongs.remainder(result, m);
        }
        // result < 2^63 again
        result += aLo * bHi; // aLo * bHi < 2^63, result < 2^64
        result = times2ToThe32Mod(result, m); // result < m < 2^63
        return plusMod(result, UnsignedLongs.remainder(aLo * bLo /* < 2^64 */, m), m);
      }

      @Override

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            assertEquals(src[off + i], dst[dstIndex + i], "Byte mismatch at " + i);
        }

        // Assert: bytes before and after region remain unchanged.
        for (int i = 0; i < dstIndex; i++) {
            assertEquals((byte) 0x55, dst[i], "Unexpected change before copy region at " + i);
        }
        for (int i = dstIndex + len; i < dst.length; i++) {

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A {@code UnicodeEscaper} that escapes some set of Java characters using a UTF-8 based percent
 * encoding scheme. The set of safe characters (those which remain unescaped) can be specified on
 * construction.
 *
 * <p>This class is primarily used for creating URI escapers in {@link UrlEscapers} but can be used