hashFunction.newHasher().putUnencodedChars(string).hash());
    for (Charset charset : CHARSETS) {
      assertEquals(
          hashFunction.hashString(string, charset),
          hashFunction.newHasher().putString(string, charset).hash());
    }
  }

  /**
   * This verifies that putUnencodedChars(String) and hashUnencodedChars(String) are equivalent,

    StringCharsetFunnel(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = Preconditions.checkNotNull(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public void funnel(CharSequence from, PrimitiveSink into) {
      into.putString(from, charset);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Funnels.stringFunnel(" + charset.name() + ")";
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {

		t.Fatalf("bytepool size invalid: got %v want %v", len(bp.c), size)
	}

	// lets drain the buf channel first before we validate invalid buffers.
	for range size {
		bp.Get() // discard
	}

	// Try putting some invalid buffers into pool
	bp.Put(make([]byte, bp.w, bp.wcap-1)) // wrong capacity is rejected (less)
	bp.Put(make([]byte, bp.w, bp.wcap+1)) // wrong capacity is rejected (more)

## What Does Deployment Mean { #what-does-deployment-mean }

To **deploy** an application means to perform the necessary steps to make it **available to the users**.

For a **web API**, it normally involves putting it in a **remote machine**, with a **server program** that provides good performance, stability, etc, so that your **users** can **access** the application efficiently and without interruptions or problems.

# Additional Status Codes { #additional-status-codes }

By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using a `JSONResponse`, putting the content you return from your *path operation* inside of that `JSONResponse`.

It will use the default status code or the one you set in your *path operation*.

## Additional status codes { #additional-status-codes_1 }

    // If we successfully add the computed element, we're done.
    val newTags = tags.plus(type, computed)
    if (compareAndSet(tags, newTags)) return computed

    // We lost the race. Possibly to other code that was putting a *different* key. Try again!
  }

### `Union` in Python 3.10 { #union-in-python-3-10 }

In this example we pass `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` as the value of the argument `response_model`.

Because we are passing it as a **value to an argument** instead of putting it in a **type annotation**, we have to use `Union` even in Python 3.10.

If it was in a type annotation we could have used the vertical bar, as:

```Python
some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem
```

We create an async function `lifespan()` with `yield` like this:

{* ../../docs_src/events/tutorial003_py310.py hl[16,19] *}

Here we are simulating the expensive *startup* operation of loading the model by putting the (fake) model function in the dictionary with machine learning models before the `yield`. This code will be executed **before** the application **starts taking requests**, during the *startup*.

        end = srcIndex + this.rDataLength;
        /*
         * Apparently readRDataWireFormat can return 0 if resultCode != 0 in
         * which case this will look indefinitely. Putting this else clause around
         * the loop might fix that. But I would need to see a capture to confirm.
         * if (resultCode != 0) {
         * srcIndex += rDataLength;
         * } else {
         */

        addrEntry = new NbtAddress[rDataLength / 6];
        end = srcIndex + rDataLength;
        /* Apparently readRDataWireFormat can return 0 if resultCode != 0 in
        which case this will look indefinitely. Putting this else clause around
        the loop might fix that. But I would need to see a capture to confirm.
        if (resultCode != 0) {
            srcIndex += rDataLength;
        } else {
        */