### ⏲ 👊

✋️ ⚫️❔ "⏲ 👊"❓

➡️ 🌈 👊 🔄 💭 🆔 & 🔐.

& 👫 📨 📨 ⏮️ 🆔 `johndoe` & 🔐 `love123`.

⤴️ 🐍 📟 👆 🈸 🔜 🌓 🕳 💖:

```Python
if "johndoe" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish":
    ...
```

def test_login():
    response = client.post("/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "secret"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    content = response.json()
    assert "access_token" in content
    assert content["token_type"] == "bearer"


def test_login_incorrect_password():
    response = client.post(
        "/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "incorrect"}
    )

但使用 `secrets.compare_digest()`，可以防御**时差攻击**，更加安全。

### 时差攻击

什么是**时差攻击**？

假设攻击者试图猜出用户名与密码。

他们发送用户名为 `johndoe`，密码为 `love123`  的请求。

然后，Python 代码执行如下操作：

```Python
if "johndoe" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish":
    ...
```

但就在 Python 比较完 `johndoe` 的第一个字母 `j` 与 `stanleyjobson` 的 `s` 时，Python 就已经知道这两个字符串不相同了，它会这么想，**没必要浪费更多时间执行剩余字母的对比计算了**。应用立刻就会返回**错误的用户或密码**。

    response = client.post("/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "secret"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    content = response.json()
    assert "access_token" in content
    assert content["token_type"] == "bearer"


@needs_py310
def test_login_incorrect_password(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post(
        "/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "incorrect"}
    )

    response = client.post("/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "secret"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    content = response.json()
    assert "access_token" in content
    assert content["token_type"] == "bearer"


@needs_py310
def test_login_incorrect_password(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post(
        "/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "incorrect"}
    )

    response = client.post("/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "secret"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    content = response.json()
    assert "access_token" in content
    assert content["token_type"] == "bearer"


@needs_py39
def test_login_incorrect_password(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post(
        "/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "incorrect"}
    )

from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from pydantic import BaseModel

fake_users_db = {
    "johndoe": {
        "username": "johndoe",
        "full_name": "John Doe",
        "email": "johndoe@example.com",
        "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret",
        "disabled": False,
    },
    "alice": {
        "username": "alice",

And they send a request with a username `johndoe` and a password `love123`.

Then the Python code in your application would be equivalent to something like:

```Python
if "johndoe" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish":
    ...
```

Und sie senden eine Anfrage mit dem Benutzernamen `johndoe` und dem Passwort `love123`.

Dann würde der Python-Code in Ihrer Anwendung etwa so aussehen:

```Python
if "johndoe" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish":
    ...
```

SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"
ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30


fake_users_db = {
    "johndoe": {
        "username": "johndoe",
        "full_name": "John Doe",
        "email": "johndoe@example.com",
        "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
        "disabled": False,
    },
    "alice": {