g2.putEdge(N1, N1);

    assertThat(graph).isNotEqualTo(g2);
  }

  // Node/edge sets and node/edge connections are the same, but graph properties differ.
  // In this case the graphs are considered equivalent; the property differences are irrelevant.
  @Test
  public void equivalent_propertiesDiffer() {
    graph.putEdge(N1, N2);

    MutableGraph<Integer> g2 =

import static com.google.common.graph.GraphConstants.INNER_CAPACITY;
import static com.google.common.graph.GraphConstants.INNER_LOAD_FACTOR;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.checkNonNegative;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.checkPositive;

import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.collect.AbstractIterator;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;

 */

package com.google.common.graph;

import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.copyOf;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.inducedSubgraph;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.reachableNodes;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.transitiveClosure;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.transpose;
import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;

 *
 * <h3>Additional documentation</h3>
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide for the {@code common.graph} package (<a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/GraphsExplained">"Graphs Explained"</a>) for
 * additional documentation, including <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/GraphsExplained#notes-for-implementors">notes for
 * implementors</a>
 *
 * @author Joshua O'Madadhain

## Contributing

[You can help to deliver a better GORM, check out things you can do](https://gorm.io/contribute.html)

## Contributors

[Thank you](https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm/graphs/contributors) for contributing to the GORM framework!

## License

© Jinzhu, 2013~time.Now

 */

package com.google.common.graph;

import com.google.common.graph.GraphConstants.Presence;

/**
 * Standard implementation of {@link MutableGraph} that supports both directed and undirected
 * graphs. Instances of this class should be constructed with {@link GraphBuilder}.
 *
 * <p>Time complexities for mutation methods are all O(1) except for {@code removeNode(N node)},

 */

package com.google.common.graph;

import com.google.common.graph.GraphConstants.Presence;

/**
 * Standard implementation of {@link MutableGraph} that supports both directed and undirected
 * graphs. Instances of this class should be constructed with {@link GraphBuilder}.
 *
 * <p>Time complexities for mutation methods are all O(1) except for {@code removeNode(N node)},

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link GraphConnections} for undirected graphs.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <V> Value parameter type
 */
final class UndirectedGraphConnections<N, V> implements GraphConnections<N, V> {

abstract class EndpointPairIterator<N> extends AbstractIterator<EndpointPair<N>> {
  private final BaseGraph<N> graph;
  private final Iterator<N> nodeIterator;

  @Nullable N node = null; // null is safe as an initial value because graphs don't allow null nodes

  Iterator<N> successorIterator = ImmutableSet.<N>of().iterator();

  static <N> EndpointPairIterator<N> of(BaseGraph<N> graph) {

Just functions that look the same as the *path operation functions*.

But still, it is very powerful, and allows you to declare arbitrarily deeply nested dependency "graphs" (trees).

/// tip

All this might not seem as useful with these simple examples.

But you will see how useful it is in the chapters about **security**.