* Processes collection definitions and tracks the element hierarchy.
     *
     * @param uri the namespace URI, or empty string if none
     * @param localName the local name without prefix, or empty string if namespace processing is not performed
     * @param qName the qualified name with prefix, or empty string if qualified names are not available
     * @param attributes the attributes attached to the element

    }

    /**
     * Returns the resource from the context class loader.
     *
     * @param path
     *            The resource path. Must not be {@literal null} or empty string.
     * @return The resource {@link URL}
     * @see #getResource(String, String)
     */
    public static URL getResource(final String path) {
        assertArgumentNotEmpty("path", path);

            if (input == null || input.isEmpty()) {
                assertEquals(0, result.length, "Null or empty input should produce empty array");
            } else {
                assertTrue(result.length > 0, "Non-empty input should produce non-empty array");
            }
        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Unicode and ASCII Encoding")
    class UnicodeAndASCIITests {

User-agent: GoodBot
Disallow: /admin/
InvalidDirective: some-value
unknown-field: test
Disallow /missing-colon
Disallow:    # empty value (should be treated as allowing all)
Allow: /public/
Crawl-delay: invalid-number
Crawl-delay: -10
Crawl-delay: 5.5
Crawl-delay:
Allow:    # empty value

# Case 3: Multiple colons in directive
User-agent: MultiColonBot
Disallow: http://example.com:8080/path
Allow: /path:with:colons

/**
 * @param {?string} str
 * @return {boolean} Whether the given string is null or is the empty string.
 * @public
 */
Platform.stringIsNullOrEmpty = function(str) {
  return !str;
};


/**
 * @param {?string} str
 * @return {string} Original str, if it is non-null. Otherwise empty string.
 */
Platform.nullToEmpty = function(str) {
  return str || "";
};


/**
 * @param {?string} str

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Bytes.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(ARRAY1, ARRAY1, ARRAY1))

**Key Test Areas**:
- Parameter handling (null, empty, missing)
- Special character handling
- Input stream validation (not consumption)
- Edge cases (long filenames, paths, whitespace)

**Test Count**: 10 tests

**Key Scenarios**:
- ✅ Valid filename extraction
- ✅ Null parameters handling
- ✅ Empty/missing resource name
- ✅ Special characters in filename (Japanese, paths)

     * Even if empty string, treated as empty plainly. So "IF pmb != null" is false if empty.
     * @param hostname The parameter value of hostname. (NotNull)
     */
    public void setHostname(String hostname) {
        registerVariable("hostname", hostname);
    }

    /**
     * Set the value of clustername, used in parameter comment. <br>

     *            The property name. Must not be {@literal null} or empty string
     * @return Whether the {@link PropertyDesc} exists
     */
    boolean hasPropertyDesc(String propertyName);

    /**
     * Returns the {@link PropertyDesc}.
     *
     * @param propertyName
     *            The property name. Must not be {@literal null} or empty string
     * @return {@link PropertyDesc}
     */

     *
     * @return The list of matching versions, never {@code null}. An empty list indicates
     *         no versions matched the requested range.
     */
    @Nonnull
    List<Version> getVersions();

    /**
     * Gets the lowest version matching the requested range.
     *
     * @return An Optional containing the lowest matching version, or empty Optional if no versions
     *         matched the requested range
     */