# Прямое использование Request { #using-the-request-directly }

До этого вы объявляли нужные части HTTP-запроса вместе с их типами.

Извлекая данные из:

* пути (как параметров),
* HTTP-заголовков,
* Cookie,
* и т.д.

Тем самым **FastAPI** валидирует эти данные, преобразует их и автоматически генерирует документацию для вашего API.

Но бывают ситуации, когда нужно обратиться к объекту `Request` напрямую.

# 直接使用 Request { #using-the-request-directly }

到目前為止，你都是用對應的型別來宣告你需要的請求各部分。

例如從以下來源取得資料：

- 路徑中的參數。
- 標頭。
- Cookies。
- 等等。

這麼做時，FastAPI 會自動驗證並轉換這些資料，還會為你的 API 產生文件。

但有些情況你可能需要直接存取 `Request` 物件。

## 關於 `Request` 物件的細節 { #details-about-the-request-object }

由於 FastAPI 底層其實是 Starlette，再加上一層工具，因此在需要時你可以直接使用 Starlette 的 [`Request`](https://www.starlette.dev/requests/) 物件。

# レスポンスを直接返す { #return-a-response-directly }

**FastAPI** の *path operation* では、通常は任意のデータを返すことができます: 例えば、`dict`、`list`、Pydanticモデル、データベースモデルなどです。

[レスポンスモデル](../tutorial/response-model.md) を宣言した場合、FastAPI は Pydantic を使ってデータをJSONにシリアライズします。

レスポンスモデルを宣言しない場合、FastAPI は [JSON互換エンコーダ](../tutorial/encoder.md) で説明されている `jsonable_encoder` を使用し、その結果を `JSONResponse` に入れます。

また、`JSONResponse` を直接作成して返すこともできます。

/// tip

   * use the {@code ArrayList} {@linkplain ArrayList#ArrayList() constructor} directly, taking
   * advantage of <a
   * href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/generics/genTypeInference.html#type-inference-instantiation">"diamond"
   * syntax</a>.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("NonApiType") // acts as a direct substitute for a constructor call
  public static <E extends @Nullable Object> ArrayList<E> newArrayList() {

# The environment overrides everything else.

# Use the Go module mirror and checksum database by default.
# See https://proxy.golang.org for details.
GOPROXY=https://proxy.golang.org,direct
GOSUMDB=sum.golang.org

# Automatically download newer toolchains as directed by go.mod files.
# See https://go.dev/doc/toolchain for details.

 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>The main purpose of {@link #addListener addListener} is to support this chaining. You will
 * rarely use it directly, in part because it does not provide direct access to the {@code Future}
 * result. (If you want such access, you may prefer {@link Futures#addCallback
 * Futures.addCallback}.) Still, direct {@code addListener} calls are occasionally useful:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * final String name = ...;
 * inFlight.add(name);

   * use the {@code ArrayList} {@linkplain ArrayList#ArrayList() constructor} directly, taking
   * advantage of <a
   * href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/generics/genTypeInference.html#type-inference-instantiation">"diamond"
   * syntax</a>.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("NonApiType") // acts as a direct substitute for a constructor call
  public static <E extends @Nullable Object> ArrayList<E> newArrayList() {

 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>The main purpose of {@link #addListener addListener} is to support this chaining. You will
 * rarely use it directly, in part because it does not provide direct access to the {@code Future}
 * result. (If you want such access, you may prefer {@link Futures#addCallback
 * Futures.addCallback}.) Still, direct {@code addListener} calls are occasionally useful:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * final String name = ...;
 * inFlight.add(name);

  /** Returns all nodes in this graph, in the order specified by {@link #nodeOrder()}. */
  Set<N> nodes();

  //
  // Graph properties
  //

  /**
   * Returns true if the edges in this graph are directed. Directed edges connect a {@link
   * EndpointPair#source() source node} to a {@link EndpointPair#target() target node}, while
   * undirected edges connect a pair of nodes to each other.
   */
  boolean isDirected();

  /**

as well as all the Python dependencies will be managed by bazel directly.

### Specifying Python version

The hermetic Python version is controlled by `HERMETIC_PYTHON_VERSION`
environment variable, which could be setin one of the following ways:

```
# Either add an entry to your `.bazelrc` file
build --repo_env=HERMETIC_PYTHON_VERSION=3.12

# OR pass it directly to your specific build command