// Decode
        FileRenameInformation2 decoded = new FileRenameInformation2();
        int bytesRead = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, bytesWritten);

        // Verify round trip
        assertEquals(bytesWritten, bytesRead);
        assertEquals(original.size(), decoded.size());
        assertEquals(original.getFileInformationLevel(), decoded.getFileInformationLevel());
    }

    @Test

        // Decode from buffer
        NdrBuffer decodeBuffer = new NdrBuffer(buffer, 0);
        lsarpc.LsarTranslatedName decodedName = new lsarpc.LsarTranslatedName();
        decodedName.decode(decodeBuffer);

        // Verify the decoded data matches
        assertEquals(translatedName.sid_type, decodedName.sid_type);

            assertEquals(8, encoded);

            // Decode into new instance
            FileEndOfFileInformation decoded = new FileEndOfFileInformation();
            int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

            assertEquals(8, decodedBytes);

            // Verify values match
            assertEquals(original.toString(), decoded.toString());
        }
    }

    @Test

        // create a new empty range and decode
        LockingAndXRange decoded = new LockingAndXRange(false);
        int decodedSize = decoded.decode(dst, 0, dst.length);
        assertEquals(10, decodedSize, "Decode should return size 10");
        assertEquals(99, decoded.getPid());
        assertEquals(123456L, decoded.getByteOffset());
        assertEquals(654321L, decoded.getLengthInBytes());
    }

/**
 * Interface for objects that can be decoded from a byte buffer.
 * This interface provides methods for deserializing data from SMB protocol messages.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public interface Decodable {

    /**
     * Decode data from a byte buffer
     *
     * @param buffer the byte buffer containing the data to decode
     * @param bufferIndex the starting index in the buffer

        int decoded = resp.decode(buf, headerStart);
        assertTrue(decoded > 0, "Decode should return positive length");

        assertEquals(NtStatus.NT_STATUS_MORE_PROCESSING_REQUIRED, resp.getStatus());
        assertArrayEquals(blob, resp.getBlob(), "Security blob should match");
        assertEquals(sessionFlags, resp.getSessionFlags(), "Session flags should decode");

            int decoded = decodedContext.decode(buffer, 0, encoded);

            assertEquals(encoded, decoded);
            assertArrayEquals(originalHashAlgos, decodedContext.getHashAlgos());
            assertArrayEquals(originalSalt, decodedContext.getSalt());
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode and decode correctly with multiple hash algorithms and large salt")

            }
        }
        return u;
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a URL as a name using appropriate character encoding.
     * Handles encoding detection from parent URLs and configuration settings.
     *
     * @param url the URL to decode
     * @param escapePlus whether to escape plus signs before decoding
     * @return the decoded URL name, or original URL if decoding fails
     */

     */
    public void enc_ndr_small(final int s) {
        buf[index] = (byte) (s & 0xFF);
        advance(1);
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a small integer (1 byte) from NDR format.
     *
     * @return the decoded small integer value
     */
    public int dec_ndr_small() {
        final int val = buf[index] & 0xFF;
        advance(1);
        return val;
    }

    /**

     *            The encoding scheme. Must not be {@literal null} or empty.
     * @return The decoded string.
     */
    public static String decode(final String s, final String enc) {
        assertArgumentNotEmpty("s", s);
        assertArgumentNotEmpty("enc", enc);

        try {
            return URLDecoder.decode(s, enc);
        } catch (final UnsupportedEncodingException e) {