En déclarant les types de vos variables, cela permet aux différents outils comme les éditeurs de texte d'offrir un meilleur support.

Ce chapitre n'est qu'un **tutoriel rapide / rappel** sur les annotations de type Python.
Seulement le minimum nécessaire pour les utiliser avec **FastAPI** sera couvert... ce qui est en réalité très peu.

  fun testMatchesSupportedAndroidSocketFactory(adapter: SocketAdapter) {
    assumeTrue(adapter is StandardAndroidSocketAdapter)

    assertTrue(adapter.matchesSocketFactory(context.socketFactory))
    assertNotNull(adapter.trustManager(context.socketFactory))
  }

  @ParameterizedTest
  @MethodSource("data")
  fun testDoesntMatchSupportedCustomSocketFactory(adapter: SocketAdapter) {
    assumeFalse(adapter is StandardAndroidSocketAdapter)

But first, let's check some small concepts.

## In a hurry?

If you don't care about any of these terms and you just need to add security with authentication based on username and password *right now*, skip to the next chapters.

## OAuth2

OAuth2 is a specification that defines several ways to handle authentication and authorization.

It is quite an extensive specification and covers several complex use cases.

        // will include a tag and length header as a prefix.
        val adapter = chooser(writer.typeHint) as DerAdapter<Any?>?
        when {
          adapter != null -> adapter.toDer(writer, value)
          else -> writer.writeOctetString(value as ByteString)
        }
      }

      override fun fromDer(reader: DerReader): Any? {
        val adapter = chooser(reader.typeHint) as DerAdapter<Any?>?
        return when {

 */
internal interface DerAdapter<T> {
  /** Returns true if this adapter can read [header] in a choice. */
  fun matches(header: DerHeader): Boolean

  /**
   * Returns a value from this adapter.
   *
   * This must always return a value, though it doesn't necessarily need to consume data from
   * [reader]. For example, if the reader's peeked tag isn't readable by this adapter, it may return
   * a default value.
   *

    val sequenceOf = listOf(7L, 8L, 9L)
    val adapter = Adapters.INTEGER_AS_LONG.asSequenceOf()
    assertThat(adapter.fromDer(bytes)).isEqualTo(sequenceOf)
    assertThat(adapter.toDer(sequenceOf)).isEqualTo(bytes)
  }

  @Test fun `point with only x set`() {
    val bytes = "3003800109".decodeHex()
    val point = Point(9L, null)
    assertThat(Point.ADAPTER.fromDer(bytes)).isEqualTo(point)

 * Types like ANY and CHOICE that don't have a consistent tag cannot use this.
 */
internal data class BasicDerAdapter<T>(
  private val name: String,
  /** The tag class this adapter expects, or -1 to match any tag class. */
  val tagClass: Int,
  /** The tag this adapter expects, or -1 to match any tag. */
  val tag: Long,
  /** Encode and decode the value once tags are handled. */
  private val codec: Codec<T>,

  }

  public void testPreOrder() {
    assertThat(iterationOrder(ADAPTER.preOrderTraversal(h))).isEqualTo("hdabcegf");
  }

  public void testPostOrder() {
    assertThat(iterationOrder(ADAPTER.postOrderTraversal(h))).isEqualTo("abcdefgh");
  }

  public void testBreadthOrder() {
    assertThat(iterationOrder(ADAPTER.breadthFirstTraversal(h))).isEqualTo("hdegabcf");
  }

  public void testUsing() {

    }
  }

  abstract static class Chopper {

    final Chopper or(Chopper you) {
      Chopper i = this;
      return new Chopper() {
        @Override
        Optional<String> chop(String str) {
          return i.chop(str).or(you.chop(str));
        }
      };
    }

    abstract Optional<String> chop(String str);

    static Chopper suffix(String suffix) {
      return new Chopper() {

    }
  }

  abstract static class Chopper {

    final Chopper or(Chopper you) {
      Chopper i = this;
      return new Chopper() {
        @Override
        Optional<String> chop(String str) {
          return i.chop(str).or(you.chop(str));
        }
      };
    }

    abstract Optional<String> chop(String str);

    static Chopper suffix(String suffix) {
      return new Chopper() {