dbDSN = sqlserverDSN
		}
		db, err = gorm.Open(sqlserver.Open(dbDSN), cfg)
	case "tidb":
		log.Println("testing tidb...")
		if dbDSN == "" {
			dbDSN = tidbDSN
		}
		db, err = gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dbDSN), cfg)
	default:
		log.Println("testing sqlite3...")
		db, err = gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "gorm.db")), cfg)
		if err == nil {
			db.Exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")
		}
	}

		CheckUser(t, u, users[i])
	}

	var user4 User
	DB.Delete(&users3[0].Account)

	if err := DB.Preload(clause.Associations).Take(&user4, "id = ?", users3[0].ID).Error; err != nil || user4.Account.ID != 0 {
		t.Errorf("failed to query, got error %v, account: %#v", err, user4.Account)
	}

	if err := DB.Preload(clause.Associations, func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
		return tx.Unscoped()

	}

	if err := DB.Create(&data).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create data, got error %v", err)
	}

	var result SerializerStruct
	if err := DB.Where("roles2 IS NULL AND roles3 = ?", "").First(&result, data.ID).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to query data, got error %v", err)
	}

	AssertEqual(t, result, data)

	if err := DB.Model(&result).Update("roles", "").Error; err != nil {

		}}

		if err := DB.Create(&pets).Error; err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
		}

		for _, pet := range pets {
			CheckPet(t, *pet, *pet)
		}
	})
}

func TestCreateEmptyStruct(t *testing.T) {
	type EmptyStruct struct {
		ID uint
	}
	DB.Migrator().DropTable(&EmptyStruct{})

	if err := DB.AutoMigrate(&EmptyStruct{}); err != nil {

	tx := db.Session(&gorm.Session{Context: db.Statement.Context, NewDB: true, SkipHooks: db.Statement.SkipHooks, Initialized: true})
	db.Statement.Settings.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {
		tx.Statement.Settings.Store(k, v)
		return true
	})

	if err := tx.Statement.Parse(dest); err != nil {
		tx.AddError(err)
		return tx
	}
	tx.Statement.ReflectValue = reflectValue

					db.RowsAffected, _ = result.RowsAffected()

					if db.Statement.Result != nil {
						db.Statement.Result.Result = result
						db.Statement.Result.RowsAffected = db.RowsAffected
					}
				}

				return
			}

			if rows, err := db.Statement.ConnPool.QueryContext(db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.SQL.String(), db.Statement.Vars...); db.AddError(err) == nil {
				gorm.Scan(rows, db, mode)

			if errTranslator, ok := db.Dialector.(ErrorTranslator); ok {
				err = errTranslator.Translate(err)
			}
		}

		if db.Error == nil {
			db.Error = err
		} else {
			db.Error = fmt.Errorf("%v; %w", db.Error, err)
		}
	}
	return db.Error
}

// DB returns `*sql.DB`
func (db *DB) DB() (*sql.DB, error) {
	connPool := db.ConnPool
	if db.Statement != nil && db.Statement.ConnPool != nil {

	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

func Query(db *gorm.DB) {
	if db.Error == nil {
		BuildQuerySQL(db)

		if !db.DryRun && db.Error == nil {
			rows, err := db.Statement.ConnPool.QueryContext(db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.SQL.String(), db.Statement.Vars...)
			if err != nil {
				db.AddError(err)
				return
			}
			defer func() {
				db.AddError(rows.Close())
			}()
			gorm.Scan(rows, db, 0)

	if err := tx.Find(&result3, user2.ID).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("no error should happen but got %v", err)
	}
}

func TestPreparedStmtFromTransaction(t *testing.T) {
	db := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{PrepareStmt: true, SkipDefaultTransaction: true})

	tx := db.Begin()
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r != nil {
			tx.Rollback()
		}
	}()
	if err := tx.Error; err != nil {

func (db *DB) Commit() *DB {
	if committer, ok := db.Statement.ConnPool.(TxCommitter); ok && committer != nil && !reflect.ValueOf(committer).IsNil() {
		db.AddError(committer.Commit())
	} else {
		db.AddError(ErrInvalidTransaction)
	}
	return db
}

// Rollback rollbacks the changes in a transaction
func (db *DB) Rollback() *DB {