smb.tid = 789;
        smb.uid = 101;
        smb.flags2 = ServerMessageBlock.FLAGS2_UNICODE;
        smb.useUnicode = true;

        byte[] params = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
        byte[] bytes = { 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F };
        smb.setParamWords(params);
        smb.setBytes(bytes);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int length = smb.encode(buffer, 0);

        byte[] data = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 };
        ByteEncodable encodable = new ByteEncodable(data, 1, 3);

        // Verify size
        assertEquals(3, encodable.size(), "Size should be equal to the specified length");
    }

    @Test
    void testEncodeBasic() {
        // Test basic encoding
        byte[] data = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 };

        assertEquals(1, validator.safeMultiply(1, 1));

        // Test exact buffer boundaries
        byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
        validator.validateBufferAccess(buffer, 0, 100); // Exactly full buffer
        validator.validateBufferAccess(buffer, 100, 0); // Zero length at end
    }

        elementVector.add(new DERTaggedObject(0, new ASN1Integer(1))); // authType
        elementVector.add(new DERTaggedObject(1, new DEROctetString(new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02 }))); // authData
        authVector.add(new DERSequence(elementVector));

        byte[] token = new DERSequence(authVector).getEncoded();
        Map<Integer, KerberosKey> keys = new HashMap<>();

        // 2. WHEN

        // ... rest of first entry fields (zeros for simplicity)
        for (int i = 16; i < 102; i++) {
            buffer[i] = 0;
        }
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(8, buffer, 68); // FileNameLength at offset 60 from start
        byte[] file1 = "file1".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_16LE);
        System.arraycopy(file1, 0, buffer, 102, file1.length);

        // Write second FileBothDirectoryInfo at 8 + 104 = 112

        // Verify that flags are set correctly (DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG | DCERPC_LAST_FRAG)
        // The actual values for DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG and DCERPC_LAST_FRAG are typically 0x01 and 0x02 respectively.
        int expectedFlags = 0x01 | 0x02; // DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG | DCERPC_LAST_FRAG
        assertEquals(expectedFlags, msrpcSamrOpenDomain.getFlags(), "flags should be initialized to DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG | DCERPC_LAST_FRAG");

            // Arrange
            context = new PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[] { 0x02, 0x00, // 2 hash algos
                    0x04, 0x00, // 4 bytes salt
                    0x01, 0x00, // SHA512
                    0x02, 0x00, // Another hash algo
                    0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D // Salt
            };

            // Act

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("DCERPC_LAST_FRAG should have correct value")
        void testDcerpcLastFrag() {
            assertEquals(0x02, DcerpcConstants.DCERPC_LAST_FRAG, "DCERPC_LAST_FRAG should be 0x02");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("DCERPC_PENDING_CANCEL should have correct value")
        void testDcerpcPendingCancel() {

    void testSubcommandConstants() {
        // Test Trans2 subcommands
        assertEquals((byte) 0x01, SmbComTransaction.TRANS2_FIND_FIRST2);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x02, SmbComTransaction.TRANS2_FIND_NEXT2);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x03, SmbComTransaction.TRANS2_QUERY_FS_INFORMATION);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x05, SmbComTransaction.TRANS2_QUERY_PATH_INFORMATION);

    private byte[] testResponseBuffer;
    private SmbNegotiation negotiation;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
        testRequestBuffer = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
        testResponseBuffer = new byte[] { 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08 };
        negotiation = new SmbNegotiation(mockRequest, mockResponse, testRequestBuffer, testResponseBuffer);
    }

    @Test