@CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  public void testClearConcurrentWithIteration() {
    assertThrows(
        ConcurrentModificationException.class,
        () -> {
          Iterator<E> iterator = collection.iterator();
          collection.clear();
          iterator.next();
        });
  }

# 全局依赖项

有时，我们要为整个应用添加依赖项。

通过与定义[*路径装饰器依赖项*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 类似的方式，可以把依赖项添加至整个 `FastAPI` 应用。

这样一来，就可以为所有*路径操作*应用该依赖项：

```Python hl_lines="15"
{!../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py!}
```

[*路径装饰器依赖项*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 一章的思路均适用于全局依赖项， 在本例中，这些依赖项可以用于应用中的所有*路径操作*。

## 为一组路径操作定义依赖项

    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
      return Multisets.elementIterator(multiset().entrySet().iterator());
    }
  }

  /**
   * A sensible definition of {@link #iterator} in terms of {@link #entrySet} and {@link
   * #remove(Object)}. If you override either of these methods, you may wish to override {@link
   * #iterator} to forward to this implementation.
   *
   * @since 7.0

   * was retrieved.
   */
  @Override
  public Set<Multiset.Entry<E>> entrySet() {
    return super.entrySet();
  }

  @Override
  Iterator<E> elementIterator() {
    final Iterator<Map.Entry<E, Count>> backingEntries = backingMap.entrySet().iterator();
    return new Iterator<E>() {
      @CheckForNull Map.Entry<E, Count> toRemove;

      @Override
      public boolean hasNext() {
        return backingEntries.hasNext();

import java.util.ListIterator;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * A list iterator which forwards all its method calls to another list iterator. Subclasses should
 * override one or more methods to modify the behavior of the backing iterator as desired per the <a
 * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *

    public E element() {
      assertTrue(Thread.holdsLock(mutex));
      return delegate.element();
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
      // We explicitly don't lock for iterator()
      assertFalse(Thread.holdsLock(mutex));
      return delegate.iterator();
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
      assertTrue(Thread.holdsLock(mutex));
      return delegate.size();
    }

  public <E extends Comparable<?>> E min(E a, E b, E c, E... rest) {
    return NaturalOrdering.INSTANCE.max(a, b, c, rest);
  }

  @Override
  public <E extends Comparable<?>> E min(Iterator<E> iterator) {
    return NaturalOrdering.INSTANCE.max(iterator);
  }

  @Override
  public <E extends Comparable<?>> E min(Iterable<E> iterable) {
    return NaturalOrdering.INSTANCE.max(iterable);
  }

  @Override

    Iterator<String> iterator = asList("a", "b", "a").iterator();
    List<String> list = ImmutableList.copyOf(iterator);
    assertEquals(asList("a", "b", "a"), list);
  }

  public void testCopyOf_iteratorContainingNull() {
    Iterator<@Nullable String> iterator =
        Arrays.<@Nullable String>asList("a", null, "b").iterator();
    assertThrows(

  FilteredMultimapValues(FilteredMultimap<K, V> multimap) {
    this.multimap = checkNotNull(multimap);
  }

  @Override
  public Iterator<V> iterator() {
    return Maps.valueIterator(multimap.entries().iterator());
  }

  @Override
  public boolean contains(@CheckForNull Object o) {
    return multimap.containsValue(o);
  }

  @Override
  public int size() {

abstract class EndpointPairIterator<N> extends AbstractIterator<EndpointPair<N>> {
  private final BaseGraph<N> graph;
  private final Iterator<N> nodeIterator;

  @CheckForNull
  N node = null; // null is safe as an initial value because graphs don't allow null nodes

  Iterator<N> successorIterator = ImmutableSet.<N>of().iterator();

  static <N> EndpointPairIterator<N> of(BaseGraph<N> graph) {