@Override
    public void write(int b) {
      sink.putByte((byte) b);
    }

    @Override
    public void write(byte[] bytes) {
      sink.putBytes(bytes);
    }

    @Override
    public void write(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) {
      sink.putBytes(bytes, off, len);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Funnels.asOutputStream(" + sink + ")";
    }
  }

    Random r = new Random(1234567);
    for (int length = 0; length < 1000; length++) {
      byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
      r.nextBytes(bytes);
      assertCrc(referenceCrc(bytes), bytes);
    }
  }

  private static int referenceCrc(byte[] bytes) {
    int crc = ~0;
    for (byte b : bytes) {
      crc = (crc >>> 8) ^ Crc32cHashFunction.Crc32cHasher.byteTable[(crc ^ b) & 0xFF];
    }
    return ~crc;

)

const (
	byteRangePrefix = "bytes="
)

// HTTPRangeSpec represents a range specification as supported by S3 GET
// object request.
//
// Case 1: Not present -> represented by a nil RangeSpec
// Case 2: bytes=1-10 (absolute start and end offsets) -> RangeSpec{false, 1, 10}
// Case 3: bytes=10- (absolute start offset with end offset unspecified) -> RangeSpec{false, 10, -1}

    @JvmName("create")
    fun String.toRequestBody(contentType: MediaType? = null): RequestBody {
      val (charset, finalContentType) = contentType.chooseCharset()
      val bytes = toByteArray(charset)
      return bytes.toRequestBody(finalContentType, 0, bytes.size)
    }

    @JvmStatic
    @JvmName("create")
    fun ByteString.toRequestBody(contentType: MediaType? = null): RequestBody =
      object : RequestBody() {

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code bytes} has fewer than 2 elements
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // doesn't work
  public static char fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) {
    checkArgument(bytes.length >= BYTES, "array too small: %s < %s", bytes.length, BYTES);
    return fromBytes(bytes[0], bytes[1]);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@code char} value whose byte representation is the given 2 bytes, in big-endian

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code bytes} has fewer than 2 elements
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // doesn't work
  public static short fromByteArray(byte[] bytes) {
    checkArgument(bytes.length >= BYTES, "array too small: %s < %s", bytes.length, BYTES);
    return fromBytes(bytes[0], bytes[1]);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@code short} value whose byte representation is the given 2 bytes, in big-endian

		b, e := io.ReadAll(r)
		if e != nil {
			return nil, e
		}
		b, _, minor, e := checkXL2V1(b)
		if e != nil {
			return nil, e
		}

		buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
		var data xlMetaInlineData
		switch minor {
		case 0:
			_, e = msgp.CopyToJSON(buf, bytes.NewReader(b))
			if e != nil {
				return nil, e
			}
		case 1, 2:
			v, b, e := msgp.ReadBytesZC(b)
			if e != nil {
				return nil, e
			}

    val body = body("")
    assertThat(body.bytes().size).isEqualTo(0)
  }

  @Test
  fun bytesSeesBom() {
    val body = body("efbbbf68656c6c6f")
    val bytes = body.bytes()
    assertThat(bytes[0] and 0xff).isEqualTo(0xef)
    assertThat(bytes[1] and 0xff).isEqualTo(0xbb)
    assertThat(bytes[2] and 0xff).isEqualTo(0xbf)
    assertThat(String(bytes, 3, 5, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).isEqualTo("hello")
  }

        final byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
        readFully(bytes);

        final byte[] sidBytes = new byte[8 + bytes.length];
        sidBytes[0] = 1;
        sidBytes[1] = (byte) (bytes.length / 4);
        System.arraycopy(new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5 }, 0, sidBytes, 2, 6);
        System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, sidBytes, 8, bytes.length);

        return new SID(sidBytes, 0);
    }

        // Act
        int written = enc.encode(dst, dstIndex);

        // Assert: reported written bytes matches size() and requested len.
        assertEquals(len, enc.size(), "size() must equal provided length");
        assertEquals(len, written, "encode() must return number of bytes written");

        // Assert: copied region equals the source slice.
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {