```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Literal

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: List[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")

     * {@return the type of the dependency}
     * A dependency can be a <abbr>JAR</abbr> file,
     * a modular-<abbr>JAR</abbr> if it is intended to be placed on the module-path,
     * a <abbr>JAR</abbr> containing test classes, <i>etc.</i>
     *
     * @see DependencyCoordinates#getType()
     */
    @Nonnull
    Type getType();

    /**
     * {@return the time at which the dependency will be used}

# Test Client - `TestClient`

You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:

```python
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
```

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    result = {"item_id": item_id, **item.dict()}
    if q:

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None

    model_config = {
        "json_schema_extra": {
            "examples": [
                {
                    "name": "Foo",
                    "description": "A very nice Item",

from typing import List, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None


app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False)


@app.post("/items/")
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items() -> List[Item]:
    return [
        Item(
            name="Portal Gun",

	type P struct{}
	var p1 P
	err := DB.Take(&p1, 1).Error
	AssertEqual(t, err, gorm.ErrModelAccessibleFieldsRequired)

	var p2 interface{}

	err = DB.Table("ps").Clauses(clause.Eq{Column: clause.Column{
		Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey,
	}, Value: 1}).Scan(&p2).Error
	AssertEqual(t, err, gorm.ErrModelValueRequired)
}

func TestQueryScanToArray(t *testing.T) {

     <type>jdk</type>
     <provides>
         <version>1.6</version>
         <vendor>sun</vendor>
     </provides>
     <configuration>
        <jdkHome>${env.JAVA_HOME}</jdkHome>
        <toolsJar>lib/classes.jar</toolsJar>
     </configuration>
  </toolchain>

 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial") // uses writeReplace, not default serialization
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class DescendingImmutableSortedMultiset<E> extends ImmutableSortedMultiset<E> {
  private final transient ImmutableSortedMultiset<E> forward;

  DescendingImmutableSortedMultiset(ImmutableSortedMultiset<E> forward) {