*       typically because the type forbids nullable type arguments: For example, {@code
 *       ImmutableList.get} returns {@code E}, but that value is never {@code null}. (Accordingly,
 *       {@code ImmutableList} is declared to forbid {@code ImmutableList<@Nullable String>}.)
 *   <li>methods whose return type is a type variable but which can return {@code null} regardless

# Test Client - `TestClient`

You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:

```python
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
```

# Templates { #templates }

You can use any template engine you want with **FastAPI**.

A common choice is Jinja2, the same one used by Flask and other tools.

There are utilities to configure it easily that you can use directly in your **FastAPI** application (provided by Starlette).

## Install dependencies { #install-dependencies }

// TF_SessionOptions holds options that can be passed during session creation.
typedef struct TF_SessionOptions TF_SessionOptions;

// Return a new options object.
TF_CAPI_EXPORT extern TF_SessionOptions* TF_NewSessionOptions(void);

// Set the target in TF_SessionOptions.options.
// target can be empty, a single entry, or a comma separated list of entries.

    String[] WINERR_MESSAGES = { "The operation completed successfully.", "Access is denied.",
            "No more connections can be made to this remote computer at this time because there are already as many connections as the computer can accept.",
            "The pipe state is invalid.", "All pipe instances are busy.", "The pipe is being closed.",

    String[] WINERR_MESSAGES = { "The operation completed successfully.", "Access is denied.",
            "No more connections can be made to this remote computer at this time because there are already as many connections as the computer can accept.",
            "The pipe state is invalid.", "All pipe instances are busy.", "The pipe is being closed.",

Here's the reference information for the request parameters.

These are the special functions that you can put in *path operation function* parameters or dependency functions with `Annotated` to get data from the request.

It includes:

* `Query()`
* `Path()`
* `Body()`
* `Cookie()`
* `Header()`
* `Form()`
* `File()`

You can import them all directly from `fastapi`:

```python

# Using MinIO with Veeam

When using Veeam Backup and Replication, you can use S3 compatible object storage such as MinIO as a capacity tier for backups.  This disaggregates storage for the Veeam infrastructure and allows you to retain control of your data. With the ease of use of setup and administration of MinIO, it allows a Veeam backup admin to easily deploy their own object store for capacity tiering.

## Prerequisites

        // The interface should allow for various implementations
        // Test that methods can return any valid values

        // Names can be any string
        when(mockNetbiosName.getName()).thenReturn("ANYNAME");
        assertNotNull(mockNetbiosName.getName());

        // Scope can be null or any string
        when(mockNetbiosName.getScope()).thenReturn(null);

///

We can also use this same approach to access the request body in an exception handler.

All we need to do is handle the request inside a `try`/`except` block:

{* ../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py hl[13,15] *}

If an exception occurs, the`Request` instance will still be in scope, so we can read and make use of the request body when handling the error: