}
    }
    assertEquals(expectHost, hp.getHost());

    // Check the post-withDefaultPort() instance (if any).
    if (!badDefaultPort) {
      try {
        int port = hp2.getPort();
        assertTrue(expectPort != -1);
        assertEquals(expectPort, port);
      } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
        // Make sure we expected this to fail.

        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")
    if item_id not in fake_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
    return fake_db[item_id]


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")

.Values.service.type "ClusterIP" "NodePort" }} MinIO can be accessed via port {{ .Values.service.port }} on the following DNS name from within your cluster: {{ template "minio.fullname" . }}.{{ .Release.Namespace }}.svc.cluster.local To access MinIO from localhost, run the below commands: 1. export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }} -l "release={{ .Release.Name }}" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}") 2. kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 9000 --namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }}...

.Values.service.type "ClusterIP" "NodePort" }} MinIO can be accessed via port {{ .Values.service.port }} on the following DNS name from within your cluster: {{ template "minio.fullname" . }}.{{ .Release.Namespace }}.svc.cluster.local To access MinIO from localhost, run the below commands: 1. export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }} -l "release={{ .Release.Name }}" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}") 2. kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 9000 --namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }}...

.Values.service.type "ClusterIP" "NodePort" }} MinIO can be accessed via port {{ .Values.service.port }} on the following DNS name from within your cluster: {{ template "minio.fullname" . }}.{{ .Release.Namespace }}.svc.cluster.local To access MinIO from localhost, run the below commands: 1. export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }} -l "release={{ .Release.Name }}" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}") 2. kubectl port-forward $POD_NAME 9000 --namespace {{ .Release.Namespace }}...

///

While building an API, the "path" is the main way to separate "concerns" and "resources".

#### Operation { #operation }

"Operation" here refers to one of the HTTP "methods".

One of:

* `POST`
* `GET`
* `PUT`
* `DELETE`

...and the more exotic ones:

* `OPTIONS`
* `HEAD`
* `PATCH`
* `TRACE`

#### Operation { #operation }

„Operation“ bezieht sich hier auf eine der HTTP-„Methoden“.

Eine von diesen:

* `POST`
* `GET`
* `PUT`
* `DELETE`

... und die etwas Exotischeren:

* `OPTIONS`
* `HEAD`
* `PATCH`
* `TRACE`

## 使用回调的应用

示例如下。

假设要开发一个创建发票的应用。

发票包括 `id`、`title`（可选）、`customer`、`total` 等属性。

API 的用户 （外部开发者）要在您的 API 内使用 POST 请求创建一条发票记录。

（假设）您的 API 将：

* 把发票发送至外部开发者的消费者
* 归集现金
* 把通知发送至 API 的用户（外部开发者）
    * 通过（从您的 API）发送 POST 请求至外部 API （即**回调**）来完成

## 常规 **FastAPI** 应用

添加回调前，首先看下常规 API 应用是什么样子。

常规 API 应用包含接收 `Invoice` 请求体的*路径操作*，还有包含回调 URL 的查询参数 `callback_url`。

        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")
    if item_id not in fake_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
    return fake_db[item_id]


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: str = Header()):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")

        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")
    if item_id not in fake_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
    return fake_db[item_id]


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: str = Header()):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")