{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py hl[6:7,21:22] *}

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

///

## Returning a custom `Response` { #returning-a-custom-response }

        // Create a DfsReferral instance with the mock data
        DfsReferral dfsReferral = new DfsReferral(mockData);

        // Verify that getData() returns the same mock data object
        assertEquals(mockData, dfsReferral.getData(), "getData() should return the DfsReferralData object passed to the constructor.");
    }

    /**
     * Test the toString method.
     */
    @Test

   *   Throwables.propagateIfInstanceOf(t, SQLException.class);
   *   throw Throwables.propagate(t);
   * }
   * </pre>
   *
   * @deprecated Use {@link #throwIfInstanceOf}, which has the same behavior but rejects {@code
   *     null}.
   */
  @Deprecated
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // throwIfInstanceOf
  public static <X extends Throwable> void propagateIfInstanceOf(

        assertNotNull(buf, "getBuffer should never return null");
        assertEquals(5, buf.length, "Newly allocated buffer length should match config maximum size");
    }

    // Happy path: get -> release -> get returns same instance, zeroed on release
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Release stores buffer for reuse and zeroes its contents")
    void releaseStoresAndZeroesBuffer() {
        BufferCacheImpl impl = new BufferCacheImpl(2, 10);

 * single character '{@code \}{@code u1000}' will require approximately 16K of memory. If you need
 * to create multiple escaper instances that have the same character replacement mapping consider
 * using {@link ArrayBasedEscaperMap}.
 *
 * @author Sven Mawson
 * @author David Beaumont
 * @since 15.0
 */
@GwtCompatible

    segment.setWeakValueReferenceForTesting(entry, oldValueRef);

    // no entry
    assertFalse(segment.replace(key, hash, oldValue, newValue));
    assertEquals(0, segment.count);

    // same value
    segment.setTableEntryForTesting(index, entry);
    segment.count++;
    assertEquals(1, segment.count);
    assertSame(oldValue, segment.get(key, hash));

    segment.setWeakValueReferenceForTesting(entry, oldValueRef);

    // no entry
    assertFalse(segment.replace(key, hash, oldValue, newValue));
    assertEquals(0, segment.count);

    // same value
    segment.setTableEntryForTesting(index, entry);
    segment.count++;
    assertEquals(1, segment.count);
    assertSame(oldValue, segment.get(key, hash));

@GwtCompatible
@NullUnmarked
public class UrlEscapersTest extends TestCase {
  public void testUrlFormParameterEscaper() {
    UnicodeEscaper e = (UnicodeEscaper) urlFormParameterEscaper();
    // Verify that these are the same escaper (as documented)
    assertSame(e, urlFormParameterEscaper());
    assertBasicUrlEscaper(e);

    /*
     * Specified as safe by RFC 2396 but not by java.net.URLEncoder. These tests will start failing

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

/**
 * A test which demonstrates maven's recursive inheritance where
 * we are testing to make sure that elements stated in a model are
 * not clobbered by the same elements elsewhere in the lineage.
 *
 */
@Deprecated
class ProjectInheritanceTest extends AbstractProjectInheritanceTestCase {
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    //

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNull;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.same;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;