Each section gradually builds on the previous ones, but it's structured to separate topics, so that you can go directly to any specific one to solve your specific API needs.

It is also built to work as a future reference so you can come back and see exactly what you need.

## Run the code { #run-the-code }

All the code blocks can be copied and used directly (they are actually tested Python files).

			}
		}
		if IsErr(err, []error{
			nil,
			context.Canceled,
			context.DeadlineExceeded,
			// io.EOF is expected and should be returned but no need to log it.
			io.EOF,
		}...) {
			// Expected good errors we don't need to return error.
			return entries, err
		}
		entries.truncate(0)
		go func() {
			rpc := globalNotificationSys.restClientFromHash(pathJoin(o.Bucket, o.Prefix))

	tok := in.Stack.Next()
	if tok != scanner.Ident {
		in.expectText("expected identifier after '#'")
	}
	if !in.enabled() {
		// Can only start including again if we are at #else or #endif but also
		// need to keep track of nested #if[n]defs.
		// We let #line through because it might affect errors.
		switch in.Stack.Text() {
		case "else", "endif", "ifdef", "ifndef", "line":
			// Press on.
		default:
			return false

        "query",
        "needy"
      ],
      "msg": "Field required",
      "input": null
    }
  ]
}
```

As `needy` is a required parameter, you would need to set it in the URL:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy
```

...this would work:

```JSON
{
    "item_id": "foo-item",
    "needy": "sooooneedy"
}
```

        // Assert - fields preserved
        assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());
        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage());

        // Since message is explicitly provided, constructor should not need to call methods on cause
        Mockito.verifyNoInteractions(cause);

        // toString should include provided message
        assertEquals(SMBProtocolDowngradeException.class.getName() + ": " + message, ex.toString());

    void mockInteraction_stubsThrow_andVerifiesInvocation() {
        // Arrange: Since SmbUnsupportedOperationException is a checked exception (extends IOException),
        // we need to use a method that can throw checked exceptions or wrap it in a RuntimeException
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Supplier<String> supplier = mock(Supplier.class);

                    return loc;
                }
                // need to adjust request path
                final DfsReferralData dr = t.getTreeReferral();
                if (dr != null) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug(String.format("Need to adjust request path %s (full: %s) -> %s", rpath, rfullpath, dr));
                    }

  private static final char LEAST = Character.MIN_VALUE;
  private static final char GREATEST = Character.MAX_VALUE;

  private static final char[] VALUES = {LEAST, 'a', '\u00e0', '\udcaa', GREATEST};

  // We need to test that our method behaves like the JDK method.
  @SuppressWarnings("InlineMeInliner")
  public void testHashCode() {
    for (char value : VALUES) {

If your application (somehow) doesn't have to communicate with anything else and wait for it to respond, use `async def`, even if you don't need to use `await` inside.

---

If you just don't know, use normal `def`.

---

**Note**: You can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them.

// implemented to ensure that duplicate keys in JSON
// are merged together into a single JSON key, also
// to remove any extraneous JSON bodies.
//
// Go stdlib doesn't support parsing JSON with duplicate
// keys, so we need to use this technique to merge the
// keys.
func sanitizePolicy(r io.Reader) (io.Reader, error) {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	e := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
	d := jstream.NewDecoder(r, 0).ObjectAsKVS().MaxDepth(10)