* directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.CollectionTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class CollectionRemoveTester<E> extends AbstractCollectionTester<E> {

 * see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.MapTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MapComputeIfAbsentTester<K, V> extends AbstractMapTester<K, V> {

 * directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.MapTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MapReplaceEntryTester<K, V> extends AbstractMapTester<K, V> {

En esta sección veremos cómo usar otros middlewares.

## Agregando middlewares ASGI

Como **FastAPI** está basado en Starlette e implementa la especificación <abbr title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">ASGI</abbr>, puedes usar cualquier middleware ASGI.

Un middleware no tiene que estar hecho para FastAPI o Starlette para funcionar, siempre que siga la especificación ASGI.

 * directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.ListTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class ListRemoveTester<E> extends AbstractListTester<E> {

 * {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.SetTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class SetAddTester<E> extends AbstractSetTester<E> {

import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tests for {@link SetMultimap#replaceValues}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")

 * directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.CollectionTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class QueueRemoveTester<E> extends AbstractQueueTester<E> {

      long result = 1;
      for (int i = n1 + 1; i <= n2; i++) {
        result *= i;
      }
      return BigInteger.valueOf(result);
    }

    /*
     * We want each multiplication to have both sides with approximately the same number of digits.
     * Currently, we just divide the range in half.
     */
    int mid = (n1 + n2) >>> 1;
    return oldSlowFactorial(n1, mid).multiply(oldSlowFactorial(mid, n2));
  }

import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tests {@link java.util.List#hashCode}.
 *
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class ListHashCodeTester<E> extends AbstractListTester<E> {