url = "/items/?q=foo&q=bar"
    response = client.get(url)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"q": ["foo", "bar"]}


def test_query_no_values(client: TestClient):
    url = "/items/"
    response = client.get(url)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"q": []}


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Response
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/portal", response_model=None)
async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Union[Response, dict]:
    if teleport:
        return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ")

    if err == nil {
        fmt.Println("Got response with field", resp["result"])
    }
```

The wrapper will handle all serialization and de-serialization of the request and response,
and furthermore provides reuse of the structs used for the request and response.

Note that Responses sent for serialization are automatically reused for similar requests.

    class ConstructorTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should create response with configuration")
        void testConstructor() {
            Smb2EchoResponse response = new Smb2EchoResponse(mockConfig);
            assertNotNull(response);
            assertEquals(mockConfig, response.getConfig());
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should extend ServerMessageBlock2Response")

        response = c.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "session_id": "123",
        "fatebook_tracker": "456",
        "googall_tracker": "789",
    }


def test_cookie_param_model_defaults(client: TestClient):
    with client as c:
        c.cookies.set("session_id", "123")
        response = c.get("/items/")

            "item_id": item_id,
        }
    )
    response = client.put(f"/items/{item_id}", json=data)
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == expected_response


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",

///

/// note | 技术细节

你也可以使用 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。　

出于方便，**FastAPI** 为开发者提供同 `starlette.responses` 一样的 `fastapi.responses`。但是大多数可用的响应都是直接来自 Starlette。`status` 也是一样。

///

## OpenAPI 和 API 文档

如果你直接返回额外的状态码和响应，它们不会包含在 OpenAPI 方案（API 文档）中，因为 FastAPI 没办法预先知道你要返回什么。

Por exemplo, você pode querer retornar uma *response* em *plain text* ao invés de um JSON para os seguintes erros:

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004_py39.py hl[3:4,9:11,25] *}

/// note | Detalhes Técnicos

Você pode usar `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`.

client = TestClient(app)


def test_read_admin():
    response = client.get("/admin", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer faketoken"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Admin Access"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {

     *
     * @param request the request to send
     * @param response the response object to populate
     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait for the response in milliseconds
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs during communication
     */
    public synchronized void sendrecv(final Request request, final Response response, long timeout) throws IOException {