for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

    // depending on rag.chat.history.assistant.content mode (full, source_titles,
    // source_titles_and_urls, truncated, none).

    @Test
    public void test_buildIntentRequest_noneMode_userOnlyHistory() {
        // When mode=none, extractHistory skips assistant messages,
        // resulting in user-only history list
        final List<LlmMessage> history = new ArrayList<>();

from dataclasses import field  # (1)

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass  # (2)


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    description: str | None = None


@dataclass
class Author:
    name: str
    items: list[Item] = field(default_factory=list)  # (3)


app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/authors/{author_id}/items/", response_model=Author)  # (4)

  if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
    SCRIPT="$link"
  else
    SCRIPT=`dirname "$SCRIPT"`/"$link"
  fi
done

# determine fess home
FESS_HOME=`dirname "$SCRIPT"`/..

# make FESS_HOME absolute
FESS_HOME=`cd "$FESS_HOME"; pwd`


# If an include wasn't specified in the environment, then search for one...
if [ "x$FESS_INCLUDE" = "x" ]; then
    # Locations (in order) to use when searching for an include file.

</div>

Це означає, що воно **завжди матиме значення** - просто іноді це значення може бути `None` (або `null` у JSON).

Отже, клієнтам, які використовують ваш API, не потрібно перевіряти, чи існує значення - вони можуть **припустити, що поле завжди буде присутнє**, але в окремих випадках воно матиме значення за замовчуванням `None`.

У OpenAPI це описується тим, що поле позначається як **обов'язкове**, адже воно завжди присутнє.

    for prod and one for tests. However, unlike our other packages, as of this
    writing it has test supersource but no prod supersource.

    GWT happens to use the prod .gwt.xml, so it looks for no supersource for
    tests, either. This causes it to fail to find AtomicLongMapTest.

    Our workaround is to tell GWT that util.concurrent and all other packages

     * oldFuture is the previous task's newFuture.
     * outputFuture is the future we return to the caller, a nonCancellationPropagating taskFuture.
     *
     * newFuture is guaranteed to only complete once all tasks previously submitted to this instance
     * have completed - namely after oldFuture is done, and taskFuture has either completed or been

     * Returns the range of this constraint, or {@code null} if none.
     * <p>
     * Note: only one, this method or {@link #getRecommendedVersion()} method must return non-{@code null} value.
     */
    @Nullable
    VersionRange getVersionRange();

    /**
     * Returns the recommended version of this constraint, or {@code null} if none.
     * <p>

     * Gets the installation settings source.
     *
     * @return the installation settings source or {@code null} if none
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Source> getInstallationSettingsSource();

    /**
     * Gets the project settings source.
     *
     * @return the project settings source or {@code null} if none
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Source> getProjectSettingsSource();

    /**