### CVE-2022-3162: Unauthorized read of Custom Resources

A security issue was discovered in Kubernetes where users authorized to list or watch one type of namespaced custom resource cluster-wide can read custom resources of a different type in the same API group they are not authorized to read.

**Affected Versions**:
  - kube-apiserver v1.25.0 - v1.25.3
  - kube-apiserver v1.24.0 - v1.24.7

<img src="/img/python-types/image02.png">

⏮️ 👈, 👆 💪 📜, 👀 🎛, ⏭ 👆 🔎 1️⃣ 👈 "💍 🔔":

<img src="/img/python-types/image03.png">

## 🌅 🎯

✅ 👉 🔢, ⚫️ ⏪ ✔️ 🆎 🔑:

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!}
```

↩️ 👨‍🎨 💭 🆎 🔢, 👆 🚫 🕴 🤚 🛠️, 👆 🤚 ❌ ✅:

<img src="/img/python-types/image04.png">

しかし今、あなたが再びその関数を作成している最中に、型ヒントを使っていると想像してみて下さい。

同じタイミングで`Ctrl+Space`で自動補完を実行すると、以下のようになります:

<img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/python-types/image02.png">

これであれば、あなたは「ベルを鳴らす」一つを見つけるまで、オプションを見て、スクロールすることができます:

<img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/python-types/image03.png">

## より強い動機

この関数を見てください。すでに型ヒントを持っています:

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!}
```

Şimdi programı sıfırdan birdaha yazdığınızı hayal edin.

Aynı noktada, `Ctrl+Space` ile otomatik tamamlamayı tetiklediniz  ve şunu görüyorsunuz:

<img src="/img/python-types/image02.png">

Aradığınızı bulana kadar seçenekleri kaydırabilirsiniz:

<img src="/img/python-types/image03.png">

## Daha fazla motivasyon

Bu fonksiyon, zaten tür belirteçlerine sahip:

```Python hl_lines="1"

而且添加类型提示一般不会改变原来的运行结果。

现在假设我们又一次正在创建这个函数，这次添加了类型提示。

在同样的地方，通过 `Ctrl+Space` 触发自动补全，你会发现：

<img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/python-types/image02.png">

这样，你可以滚动查看选项，直到你找到看起来眼熟的那个：

<img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/python-types/image03.png">

## 更多动机

下面是一个已经有类型提示的函数：

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!}
```

* `Decimal`:
    * Встроенный в Python `Decimal`.
    * В запросах и ответах обрабатывается так же, как и `float`.
* Вы можете проверить все допустимые типы данных pydantic здесь: <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Типы данных Pydantic</a>.

## Пример

Вот пример *операции пути* с параметрами, который демонстрирует некоторые из вышеперечисленных типов.

//// tab | Python 3.8 и выше

    * O `Decimal` padrão do Python.
    * Em requisições e respostas será representado como um `float`.
* Você pode checar todos os tipos de dados válidos do Pydantic aqui: <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tipos de dados do Pydantic</a>.

## Exemplo

Aqui está um exemplo de *operação de rota* com parâmetros utilizando-se de alguns dos tipos acima.

```Python hl_lines="1  3  12-16"

    NoSuchFileException pathNotFound = pathNotFound(path, exceptions);
    if (pathNotFound != null) {
      throw pathNotFound;
    }
    // TODO(cgdecker): Should there be a custom exception type for this?
    // Also, should we try to include the Path of each file we may have failed to delete rather
    // than just the exceptions that occurred?
    FileSystemException deleteFailed =
        new FileSystemException(

    NoSuchFileException pathNotFound = pathNotFound(path, exceptions);
    if (pathNotFound != null) {
      throw pathNotFound;
    }
    // TODO(cgdecker): Should there be a custom exception type for this?
    // Also, should we try to include the Path of each file we may have failed to delete rather
    // than just the exceptions that occurred?
    FileSystemException deleteFailed =
        new FileSystemException(

* `Decimal`:
    * Pythonの標準的な`Decimal`です。
    * リクエストやレスポンスでは`float`と同じように扱います。

* Pydanticの全ての有効な型はこちらで確認できます: <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic data types</a>。
## 例

ここでは、上記の型のいくつかを使用したパラメータを持つ*path operation*の例を示します。

```Python hl_lines="1 2 12-16"
{!../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
```