// But trying to read data should cause NullPointerException
        byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> nullBufferResponse.readDataWireFormat(buffer, 0, 5));
    }

    @Test
    void testReadDataWireFormatWithNegativeLength() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
        // Negative length should cause ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException from System.arraycopy

      return valueUpdater.compareAndSet(future, expect, update);
    }

    private static LinkageError newLinkageError(Throwable cause) {
      return new LinkageError(cause.toString(), cause);
    }

    @Override
    String atomicHelperTypeForTest() {
      return "VarHandleAtomicHelper";
    }
  }

  /**

   * class documentation above). This method is <i>generally expected</i>, but not absolutely
   * required, to have the following properties:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Its execution does not cause any observable side effects.
   *   <li>The computation is <i>consistent with equals</i>; that is, {@link Objects#equal
   *       Objects.equal}{@code (a, b)} implies that {@code predicate.apply(a) ==
   *       predicate.apply(b))}.

    // ConnectionSpec: we assume it is unreachable.
    e is InterruptedIOException -> false

    // If the problem was a CertificateException from the X509TrustManager, do not retry.
    e is SSLHandshakeException && e.cause is CertificateException -> false

    // e.g. a certificate pinning error.
    e is SSLPeerUnverifiedException -> false

    // Retry for all other SSL failures.
    e is SSLException -> true

    else -> false

  /**
   * Invoked when a {@code Future} computation fails or is canceled.
   *
   * <p>If the future's {@link Future#get() get} method throws an {@link ExecutionException}, then
   * the cause is passed to this method. Any other thrown object is passed unaltered.
   */
  void onFailure(Throwable t);

    }

    /**
     * Tests the constructor with a null byte array, which should throw an exception.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorWithNullData() {
        // A null byte array should cause a PACDecodingException.
        PACDecodingException exception = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new PacCredentialType(null));
        assertEquals("Invalid PAC credential type", exception.getMessage());
    }

            extraSteps = extraBuildSteps,
            preSteps = preBuildSteps,
        )

        failureConditions {
            // JavaExecDebugIntegrationTest.debug session fails without debugger might cause JVM crash
            // Some soak tests produce OOM exceptions
            // There are also random worker crashes for some tests.
            // We have test-retry to handle the crash in tests
            javaCrash = false

      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity.
For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or
indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by
contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.