# Without aliases


@app.get("/optional-str")
async def read_optional_str(p: Annotated[Optional[str], Header()] = None):
    return {"p": p}


class HeaderModelOptionalStr(BaseModel):
    p: Optional[str] = None


@app.get("/model-optional-str")
async def read_model_optional_str(p: Annotated[HeaderModelOptionalStr, Header()]):
    return {"p": p.p}

    }

    private Method getReadStringMethod() throws Exception {
        Class<?> clazz = response.getClass();
        while (clazz != null) {
            try {
                Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("readString", byte[].class, int.class, int.class, boolean.class);
                method.setAccessible(true);
                return method;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * <p>
 * XmlTransformer is a class that extends AbstractTransformer to transform XML documents into a specific format for indexing.
 * It uses XPath expressions to extract data from the XML and stores it in a ResultData object.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * This class provides several configuration options to customize the XML parsing process, such as:
 * </p>
 * <ul>

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link SmbException}.
 *
 * The tests exercise the public API: constructors, {@link #getNtStatus()},
 * {@link #getRootCause()}, and {@link #toString()}.
 */
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class SmbExceptionTest {

    /**
     * Happy path – constructor with a valid NT status code (0).
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Constructor 0 – NT_STATUS_SUCCESS")
    void testConstructorWithZeroCode() {

@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MultimapPutAllMultimapTester<K, V>
    extends AbstractMultimapTester<K, V, Multimap<K, V>> {
  @MapFeature.Require(absent = SUPPORTS_PUT)
  public void testPutUnsupported() {
    assertThrows(
        UnsupportedOperationException.class,
        () -> multimap().putAll(getSubjectGenerator().create(mapEntry(k3(), v3()))));
  }

@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MultimapPutAllMultimapTester<K, V>
    extends AbstractMultimapTester<K, V, Multimap<K, V>> {
  @MapFeature.Require(absent = SUPPORTS_PUT)
  public void testPutUnsupported() {
    assertThrows(
        UnsupportedOperationException.class,
        () -> multimap().putAll(getSubjectGenerator().create(mapEntry(k3(), v3()))));
  }

        final TimeUnit timeUnit = TimeUnit.valueOf(getInitParameter(TIME_TO_LIVE_TIME_UNIT_PROPERTY, "MINUTES", String.class));
        final int maxTotal = getInitParameter(MAX_TOTAL_CONNECTION_PROPERTY, 200, Integer.class);
        final int defaultMaxPerRoute = getInitParameter(DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTION_PER_ROUTE_PROPERTY, 20, Integer.class);

      // platforms in order to support Robolectric, which mixes classes from both Android and the
      // Oracle JDK. Note that we don't support HTTP/2 or other nice features on Robolectric.
      val sslContextClass = Class.forName("sun.security.ssl.SSLContextImpl")
      val context = readFieldOrNull(sslSocketFactory, sslContextClass, "context") ?: return null
      readFieldOrNull(context, X509TrustManager::class.java, "trustManager")

Були навіть деякі зміни в самому Pydantic, щоб підтримати це.

Попередні скріншоти були зроблені у <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">Visual Studio Code</a>.

Але ви отримаєте ту саму підтримку редактора у <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyCharm</a> та більшість інших редакторів Python:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image05.png">

/// tip

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;

/**
 * Static meta-data about a class extracted from the source for the class.
 */
public class ClassMetaData extends AbstractLanguageElement implements Serializable, Attachable<ClassMetaData>, TypeContainer {
    private final String className;
    private String superClassName;