* **Typ-Prüfungen**.

... und **FastAPI** verwendet dieselben Deklarationen, um:

* **Anforderungen** zu definieren: aus <abbr title="Request – Anfrage: Daten, die der Client zum Server sendet">Request</abbr>-Pfadparametern, Query-Parametern, Header-Feldern, Bodys, Abhängigkeiten, usw.
* **Daten umzuwandeln**: aus dem Request in den erforderlichen Typ.
* **Daten zu validieren**: aus jedem Request:

OpenAPI definiert die folgenden Sicherheitsschemas:

* `apiKey`: ein anwendungsspezifischer Schlüssel, der stammen kann von:
    * Einem Query-Parameter.
    * Einem Header.
    * Einem Cookie.
* `http`: Standard-HTTP-Authentifizierungssysteme, einschließlich:
    * `bearer`: ein Header `Authorization` mit dem Wert `Bearer ` plus einem Token. Dies wird von OAuth2 geerbt.
    * HTTP Basic Authentication.
    * HTTP Digest, usw.

OpenAPI defines the following security schemes:

* `apiKey`: an application specific key that can come from:
    * A query parameter.
    * A header.
    * A cookie.
* `http`: standard HTTP authentication systems, including:
    * `bearer`: a header `Authorization` with a value of `Bearer ` plus a token. This is inherited from OAuth2.
    * HTTP Basic authentication.
    * HTTP Digest, etc.

func (a *Args) Validate() error {
	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, a.URL.String(), bytes.NewReader([]byte("")))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	if a.AuthToken != "" {
		req.Header.Set("Authorization", a.AuthToken)
	}

	client := &http.Client{Transport: a.Transport}
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

    @Test
    void testDoFilter_noAuthorizationHeader_shouldChallengeClient() throws Exception {
        // Initialize filter first
        initializeFilter();

        // Test request without Authorization header should challenge client
        when(request.getHeader("Authorization")).thenReturn(null);
        when(httpSession.getAttribute("NtlmHttpAuth")).thenReturn(null);

        filter.doFilter(request, response, filterChain);

        .build()
    get(redirectSourceUrl)
    val request = redirectSource.takeRequest()
    assertThat(request.headers["Cookie"]).isEqualTo("c=cookie")
    for (header in redirectTarget.takeRequest().headers.names()) {
      if (header.startsWith("Cookie")) {
        fail(header)
      }
    }
  }

  @Test
  fun testCookiesSentIgnoresCase() {
    client =
      client
        .newBuilder()
        .cookieJar(

{* ../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002_py310.py hl[2,8:11] *}

## `examples` у JSON-схемі — OpenAPI

При використанні будь-кого з наступного:

* `Path()`
* `Query()`
* `Header()`
* `Cookie()`
* `Body()`
* `Form()`
* `File()`

Ви також можете задати набір `examples` з додатковою інформацією, яка буде додана до їхніх **JSON-схем** у **OpenAPI**.

### `Body` з `examples`

to the client after a failed authentication, they used the HTTP status code `403 Forbidden`.

Starting with FastAPI version `0.122.0`, they use the more appropriate HTTP status code `401 Unauthorized`, and return a sensible `WWW-Authenticate` header in the response, following the HTTP specifications, <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7235#section-3.1" class="external-link" target="_blank">RFC 7235</a>, <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9110#name-401-unauthorized"...

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