```

////

В обоих случаях это означает, что `item` может быть `int` или `str`.

#### Возможно `None` { #possibly-none }

Вы можете объявить, что значение может иметь определённый тип, например `str`, но также может быть и `None`.

В Python 3.6 и выше (включая Python 3.10) это можно объявить, импортировав и используя `Optional` из модуля `typing`.

```Python hl_lines="1  4"

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000),
    q: str | None = None,
    item: Item | None = None,
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

    url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    images: Union[list[Image], None] = None


class Offer(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    items: list[Item]


@app.post("/offers/")

	if d == nil || len(d.Cache) <= limit {
		return
	}
	top := hashPath(d.Info.Name).Key()
	topE := d.find(top)
	if topE == nil {
		scannerLogIf(GlobalContext, errors.New("forceCompact: root not found"))
		return
	}
	// If off by 2 orders of magnitude, compact self and log error.
	if len(topE.Children) > dataScannerForceCompactAtFolders {
		// If we still have too many children, compact self.

		for i := range erasureDisks[:8] {
			erasureDisks[i] = nil
		}
		return erasureDisks
	}
	z.serverPools[0].erasureDisksMu.Unlock()

	t.Run("if-none-match with read quorum failure", func(t *testing.T) {
		// Test Case 1: if-none-match (create only if doesn't exist)
		// With if-none-match: *, this should only succeed if object doesn't exist.
		// Since read quorum fails, we can't determine if object exists.
		opts := ObjectOptions{

        *,
        endpoint_ctx: Optional[EndpointContext] = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)


class ResponseValidationError(ValidationException):
    def __init__(
        self,
        errors: Sequence[Any],
        *,
        body: Any = None,
        endpoint_ctx: Optional[EndpointContext] = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)

from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(ads_id: str | None = Cookie(default=None)):

from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class Hero(SQLModel, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)
    secret_name: str


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}

buckets: [] # # Name of the bucket # - name: bucket1 # # Policy to be set on the # # bucket [none|download|upload|public] # policy: none # # Purge if bucket exists already # purge: false # # set versioning for # # bucket [true|false] # versioning: false # # set objectlocking for # # bucket [true|false] NOTE: versioning is enabled by default if you use locking # objectlocking: false # - name: bucket2 # policy: none # purge: false # versioning: true # # set objectlocking for # # bucket [true|false] NOTE:...

buckets: [] # # Name of the bucket # - name: bucket1 # # Policy to be set on the # # bucket [none|download|upload|public] # policy: none # # Purge if bucket exists already # purge: false # # set versioning for # # bucket [true|false] # versioning: false # # set objectlocking for # # bucket [true|false] NOTE: versioning is enabled by default if you use locking # objectlocking: false # - name: bucket2 # policy: none # purge: false # versioning: true # # set objectlocking for # # bucket [true|false] NOTE:...