/// warning | 注意

你大概率不需要了解这些技术细节，可以跳过这一章节继续阅读后续的内容。

如果你使用的FastAPI的版本早于0.106.0，并且在使用后台任务中使用了包含 `yield` 的依赖项中的资源，那么这些细节会对你有一些用处。

///

### 包含 `yield` 和 `except` 的依赖项的技术细节

在FastAPI 0.110.0版本之前，如果使用了一个包含 `yield` 的依赖项，你在依赖项中使用 `except` 捕获了一个异常，但是你没有再次抛出该异常，这个异常会被自动抛出/转发到异常处理器或者内部服务错误处理器。

### 后台任务和使用 `yield` 的依赖项的技术细节

在FastAPI 0.106.0版本之前，在 `yield` 后面抛出异常是不可行的，因为 `yield` 之后的退出代码是在响应被发送之后再执行，这个时候异常处理器已经执行过了。

For example, extending the previous model, you could decide that you want to have another key `importance` in the same body, besides the `item` and `user`.

If you declare it as is, because it is a singular value, **FastAPI** will assume that it is a query parameter.

But you can instruct **FastAPI** to treat it as another body key using `Body`:

Zum Beispiel, das vorherige Modell erweiternd, könnten Sie entscheiden, dass Sie einen weiteren Schlüssel <abbr title="Wichtigkeit">`importance`</abbr> haben möchten, im selben Body, Seite an Seite mit `item` und `user`.

Wenn Sie diesen Parameter einfach so hinzufügen, wird **FastAPI** annehmen, dass es ein Query-Parameter ist.

Você também pode usar `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

**FastAPI** fornece o mesmo `starlette.testclient` que `fastapi.testclient` apenas como uma conveniência para você, o desenvolvedor. Mas ele vem diretamente da Starlette.

///

/// tip | "Dica"

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File()):
    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}


@app.get("/")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_files(files: Annotated[list[bytes], File()]):
    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
async def create_upload_files(files: list[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}

Elle est importée/incluse directement dans **FastAPI** pour que vous puissiez l'importer depuis `fastapi` et éviter d'importer accidentellement `BackgroundTask` (sans `s` à la fin) depuis `starlette.background`.

En utilisant seulement `BackgroundTasks` (et non `BackgroundTask`), il est possible de l'utiliser en tant que paramètre de *fonction de chemin* et de laisser **FastAPI** gérer le reste pour vous, comme en utilisant l'objet `Request` directement.

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, status
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse

app = FastAPI()

items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def upsert_item(
    item_id: str,
    name: Annotated[Union[str, None], Body()] = None,
    size: Annotated[Union[int, None], Body()] = None,
):
    if item_id in items:

from typing import Optional, Union

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: Optional[str] = None


class OtherItem(BaseModel):
    price: int


@app.post("/items/")
def save_union_body(item: Union[OtherItem, Item]):
    return {"item": item}

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    id: str
    value: str


class Message(BaseModel):
    message: str


app = FastAPI()


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}",
    response_model=Item,
    responses={
        404: {"model": Message, "description": "The item was not found"},
        200: {