* form parameter names and values</a>. Escaping is performed with the UTF-8 character encoding.
   * The caller is responsible for <a
   * href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/form-control-infrastructure.html#multipart-form-data">replacing
   * any unpaired carriage return or line feed characters with a CR+LF pair</a> on any non-file
   * inputs before escaping them with this escaper.
   *

 * most elements' text contents. When possible, avoid manual escaping by using templating
 * systems and high-level APIs that provide autoescaping.
 * One Google-authored templating system available for external use is <a
 * href="https://developers.google.com/closure/templates/">Closure Templates</a>.
 *
 * <p>HTML escaping is particularly tricky: For example, <a

      ImmutableMap.of(
          '\n', "<newline>",
          '\t', "<tab>",
          '&', "<and>");

  public void testSafeRange() throws IOException {
    // Basic escaping of unsafe chars (wrap them in {,}'s)
    CharEscaper wrappingEscaper =
        new ArrayBasedCharEscaper(NO_REPLACEMENTS, 'A', 'Z') {
          @Override
          protected char[] escapeUnsafe(char c) {

    // Escapers operate on characters: no characters, no escaping.
    Assert.assertEquals("", escaper.escape(""));
    // Assert that escapers throw null pointer exceptions.
    try {
      escaper.escape((String) null);
      Assert.fail("exception not thrown when escaping a null string");
    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
      // pass
    }
  }

  /**

    // Escapers operate on characters: no characters, no escaping.
    Assert.assertEquals("", escaper.escape(""));
    // Assert that escapers throw null pointer exceptions.
    try {
      escaper.escape((String) null);
      Assert.fail("exception not thrown when escaping a null string");
    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
      // pass
    }
  }

  /**

        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Escapes special characters in a query string if escaping is enabled.
     * Replaces reserved characters with their escaped equivalents based on the Constants.RESERVED array.
     *
     * @param value the query string to escape
     * @return the escaped query string, or the original value if escaping is disabled
     */
    protected String escapeQuery(final String value) {
        if (!escape) {

    if (uriStripped) {
      if (uri.toString() != component.urlString("")) {
        fail("Encoding $component $codePoint using $encoding")
      }
      return
    }

    // If the URI has more escaping than the HttpURL, check that the decoded values still match.
    val uriEscaped = uriEscapedCodePoints.indexOf(codePointString) != -1
    if (uriEscaped) {
      if (uri.toString() == httpUrl.toString()) {

    assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "\uFFFD", '\uFFFF');

    assertEquals(
        "0xFFFE is forbidden and should be replaced during escaping",
        "[\uFFFD]",
        xmlEscaper.escape("[\ufffe]"));
    assertEquals(
        "0xFFFF is forbidden and should be replaced during escaping",
        "[\uFFFD]",
        xmlEscaper.escape("[\uffff]"));
  }

 * directly if required. While URI escapers impose specific semantics on which characters are
 * considered 'safe', this class has a minimal set of restrictions.
 *
 * <p>When escaping a String, the following rules apply:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>All specified safe characters remain unchanged.
 *   <li>If {@code plusForSpace} was specified, the space character " " is converted into a plus

   */
  static void assertBasicUrlEscaperExceptPercent(UnicodeEscaper e) {
    // URL escapers should throw null pointer exceptions for null input
    try {
      e.escape((String) null);
      fail("Escaping null string should throw exception");
    } catch (NullPointerException x) {
      // pass
    }

    // All URL escapers should leave 0-9, A-Z, a-z unescaped
    assertUnescaped(e, 'a');
    assertUnescaped(e, 'z');