* There's also an `app/dependencies.py` file, just like `app/main.py`, it is a "module": `app.dependencies`.
* There's a subdirectory `app/routers/` with another file `__init__.py`, so it's a "Python subpackage": `app.routers`.
* The file `app/routers/items.py` is inside a package, `app/routers/`, so, it's a submodule: `app.routers.items`.
* The same with `app/routers/users.py`, it's another submodule: `app.routers.users`.

    async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
        yield

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def router_lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[None, None]:
        yield

    router = APIRouter(lifespan=router_lifespan)
    app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
    app.include_router(router)

    with TestClient(app) as client:
        assert not client.app_state

///

* `app` 目录包含了所有内容。并且它有一个空文件 `app/__init__.py`，因此它是一个「Python 包」（「Python 模块」的集合）：`app`。
* 它包含一个 `app/main.py` 文件。由于它位于一个 Python 包（一个包含 `__init__.py` 文件的目录）中，因此它是该包的一个「模块」：`app.main`。
* 还有一个 `app/dependencies.py` 文件，就像 `app/main.py` 一样，它是一个「模块」：`app.dependencies`。
* 有一个子目录 `app/routers/` 包含另一个 `__init__.py` 文件，因此它是一个「Python 子包」：`app.routers`。
* 文件 `app/routers/items.py` 位于 `app/routers/` 包中，因此它是一个子模块：`app.routers.items`。

from .utils import get_body_model_name

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.post("/optional-bytes", operation_id="optional_bytes")
async def read_optional_bytes(p: Annotated[Optional[bytes], File()] = None):
    return {"file_size": len(p) if p else None}


@app.post("/optional-uploadfile", operation_id="optional_uploadfile")

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

from .utils import get_body_model_name

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.post("/optional-str", operation_id="optional_str")
async def read_optional_str(p: Annotated[Optional[str], Form()] = None):
    return {"p": p}

        warnings.simplefilter("always")
        monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.multipart.parse_options_header", raising=False)
    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_incorrect_install_error):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.post("/")
        async def root(username: str = Form()):
            return username  # pragma: nocover


def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_file_upload(monkeypatch):

from .utils import get_body_model_name

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.post("/required-str", operation_id="required_str")
async def read_required_str(p: Annotated[str, Form()]):
    return {"p": p}


class FormModelRequiredStr(BaseModel):
    p: str

from .utils import get_body_model_name

app = FastAPI()

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.post("/list-bytes", operation_id="list_bytes")
async def read_list_bytes(p: Annotated[list[bytes], File()]):
    return {"file_size": [len(file) for file in p]}


@app.post("/list-uploadfile", operation_id="list_uploadfile")

    yield True


@app.get("/wrapped-dependency/")
async def get_wrapped_dependency(value: bool = Depends(wrapped_dependency)):
    return value


@app.get("/wrapped-gen-dependency/")
async def get_wrapped_gen_dependency(value: bool = Depends(wrapped_gen_dependency)):
    return value


@app.get("/async-wrapped-dependency/")

    raise CustomError()


def make_app(app=None, **kwargs):
    app = app or FastAPI(**kwargs)
    app.include_router(router)
    app.include_router(prefix_router, prefix="/prefix")
    app.include_router(native_prefix_route)
    return app


app = make_app(app)


def test_app():
    client = TestClient(app)
    with client.websocket_connect("/") as websocket: