if ref.PrimaryValue == "" {
					if ref.OwnPrimaryKey {
						primaryFields = append(primaryFields, ref.PrimaryKey)
						joinPrimaryKeys = append(joinPrimaryKeys, ref.ForeignKey.DBName)
					} else {
						relPrimaryFields = append(relPrimaryFields, ref.PrimaryKey)
						joinRelPrimaryKeys = append(joinRelPrimaryKeys, ref.ForeignKey.DBName)
					}
				} else {

						if ref.OwnPrimaryKey {
							fv, _ := ref.PrimaryKey.ValueOf(db.Statement.Context, obj)
							db.AddError(ref.ForeignKey.Set(db.Statement.Context, joinValue, fv))
						} else if ref.PrimaryValue != "" {
							db.AddError(ref.ForeignKey.Set(db.Statement.Context, joinValue, ref.PrimaryValue))
						} else {
							fv, _ := ref.PrimaryKey.ValueOf(db.Statement.Context, elem)

func (idx Index) Name() string {
	return idx.NameValue
}

// Columns return the columns of the index
func (idx Index) Columns() []string {
	return idx.ColumnList
}

// PrimaryKey returns the index is primary key or not.
func (idx Index) PrimaryKey() (isPrimaryKey bool, ok bool) {
	return idx.PrimaryKeyValue.Bool, idx.PrimaryKeyValue.Valid
}

// Unique returns whether the index is unique or not.

}

// ColumnType column type interface
type ColumnType interface {
	Name() string
	DatabaseTypeName() string                 // varchar
	ColumnType() (columnType string, ok bool) // varchar(64)
	PrimaryKey() (isPrimaryKey bool, ok bool)
	AutoIncrement() (isAutoIncrement bool, ok bool)
	Length() (length int64, ok bool)
	DecimalSize() (precision int64, scale int64, ok bool)
	Nullable() (nullable bool, ok bool)

func (ct ColumnType) ColumnType() (columnType string, ok bool) {
	return ct.ColumnTypeValue.String, ct.ColumnTypeValue.Valid
}

// PrimaryKey returns the column is primary key or not.
func (ct ColumnType) PrimaryKey() (isPrimaryKey bool, ok bool) {
	return ct.PrimaryKeyValue.Bool, ct.PrimaryKeyValue.Valid
}

// AutoIncrement returns the column is auto increment or not.

	if nullable, ok := columnType.Nullable(); ok && nullable == field.NotNull {
		// not primary key & current database is non-nullable(to be nullable)
		if !field.PrimaryKey && !nullable {
			alterColumn = true
		}
	}

	// check default value
	if !field.PrimaryKey {
		currentDefaultNotNull := field.HasDefaultValue && (field.DefaultValueInterface != nil || !strings.EqualFold(field.DefaultValue, "NULL"))

// It may be embedded into your model or you may build your own model without it
//
//	type User struct {
//	  gorm.Model
//	}
type Model struct {
	ID        uint `gorm:"primarykey"`
	CreatedAt time.Time
	UpdatedAt time.Time
	DeletedAt DeletedAt `gorm:"index"`

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
)

var schemaCache = &sync.Map{}

func TestConvertToCreateValues_DestType_Slice(t *testing.T) {
	type user struct {
		ID    int `gorm:"primaryKey"`
		Name  string
		Email string `gorm:"default:(-)"`
		Age   int    `gorm:"default:(-)"`
	}

	s, err := schema.Parse(&user{}, schemaCache, schema.NamingStrategy{})
	if err != nil {

func (db *DB) First(dest interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.Limit(1).Order(clause.OrderByColumn{
		Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey},
	})
	if len(conds) > 0 {
		if exprs := tx.Statement.BuildCondition(conds[0], conds[1:]...); len(exprs) > 0 {
			tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: exprs})
		}
	}

				}

				if prefix, ok := field.TagSettings["EMBEDDEDPREFIX"]; ok && ef.DBName != "" {
					ef.DBName = prefix + ef.DBName
				}

				if ef.PrimaryKey {
					if !utils.CheckTruth(ef.TagSettings["PRIMARYKEY"], ef.TagSettings["PRIMARY_KEY"]) {
						ef.PrimaryKey = false

						if val, ok := ef.TagSettings["AUTOINCREMENT"]; !ok || !utils.CheckTruth(val) {
							ef.AutoIncrement = false
						}