int mshigh = msbit >>> 3, mslow = msbit & 7;
        int b = c + (out[i % olen] & 0xff)
                + (((data[(ilen - 1 - mshigh) % ilen] & 0xff) << 8 | data[(ilen - mshigh) % ilen] & 0xff) >>> mslow + 1 & 0xff);
        out[i % olen] = (byte) (b & 0xff);
        return b >>>= 8;
    }

    private static int lcm(int u, int v) {
        int a = u, b = v, c;

            NdrShort ndrShort = new NdrShort(inputValue);

            // Then: Value should be masked with 0xFF (lower 8 bits)
            assertEquals(inputValue & 0xFF, ndrShort.value, "Constructor should mask value with 0xFF");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle zero value correctly")
        void testConstructorZero() {
            // Given/When: Creating NdrShort with zero

        int i = 0;
        while (i < length) {
            block = (bytes[i++] & 0xff) << 16 | (bytes[i++] & 0xff) << 8 | bytes[i++] & 0xff;
            buffer.append(ALPHABET.charAt(block >>> 18));
            buffer.append(ALPHABET.charAt(block >>> 12 & 0x3f));
            buffer.append(ALPHABET.charAt(block >>> 6 & 0x3f));
            buffer.append(ALPHABET.charAt(block & 0x3f));
        }
        if (remainder == 0) {

		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
		0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x4b, 0x06, 0x07, 0x00,
		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50,
		0x4b, 0x05, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff,
		0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,

    static int readInt2(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex) {
        return ((src[srcIndex] & 0xFF) << 8) + (src[srcIndex + 1] & 0xFF);
    }

    static int readInt4(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex) {
        return ((src[srcIndex] & 0xFF) << 24) + ((src[srcIndex + 1] & 0xFF) << 16) + ((src[srcIndex + 2] & 0xFF) << 8)
                + (src[srcIndex + 3] & 0xFF);
    }

    static int readLength(final byte[] src, int srcIndex) {

        long decoded = Encdec.dec_uint64le(buffer, 0);

        // Then
        assertEquals(value, decoded);
        assertEquals(0xF0, buffer[0] & 0xFF);
        assertEquals(0xDE, buffer[1] & 0xFF);
        assertEquals(0xBC, buffer[2] & 0xFF);
        assertEquals(0x9A, buffer[3] & 0xFF);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle big endian encoding/decoding")
    void testBigEndianOperations() {
        // Given

    }

    @Test
    public void testReadUnsignedInt() throws IOException {
        // Little-endian 0xFFFFFFFF -> 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
        byte[] data = new byte[] { (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF };
        PacDataInputStream pdis = createInputStream(data);
        assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFL, pdis.readUnsignedInt());
    }

    @Test

        byte[] src = new byte[] {
                // 0x123456789ABCDEF0L
                (byte) 0xF0, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0x78, (byte) 0x56, (byte) 0x34, (byte) 0x12,
                // 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL
                (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF,
                // 0x0000000000000000L

            assertEquals((byte) 0xFF, originalFileId[0], "Original FileId should remain unchanged");
            assertArrayEquals(
                    new byte[] { (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF,
                            (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF },

    }

    static int readULong(final byte[] src, final int index) {
        return src[index] & 0xff | (src[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8 | (src[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16 | (src[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24;
    }

    static int readUShort(final byte[] src, final int index) {
        return src[index] & 0xff | (src[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
    }

    static byte[] readSecurityBuffer(final byte[] src, final int index) {