assertUnescaped(e, '.');
    assertUnescaped(e, '*');

    assertEscaping(e, "%00", '\u0000'); // nul
    assertEscaping(e, "%7F", '\u007f'); // del
    assertEscaping(e, "%C2%80", '\u0080'); // xx-00010,x-000000
    assertEscaping(e, "%DF%BF", '\u07ff'); // xx-11111,x-111111
    assertEscaping(e, "%E0%A0%80", '\u0800'); // xxx-0000,x-100000,x-00,0000
    assertEscaping(e, "%EF%BF%BF", '\uffff'); // xxx-1111,x-111111,x-11,1111

        assertEquals(5120, stats.getBytesTransferred(), "Should have transferred 5KB total");
        assertEquals(1, stats.getOperationErrors(), "Should have 1 error");
        assertEquals(0.25, stats.getErrorRate(), 0.001, "Error rate should be 25% (1 error out of 4 successful operations)");

        // Verify latency calculations
        assertTrue(stats.getAverageReadLatencyMicros() > 0, "Read latency should be positive");

    public void testCreateBulkLineWithNullId() {
        // Test that null ID causes exception
        SuggestItem item = new SuggestItem(new String[] { "text" }, new String[0][0], new String[0], 0, 0, 1.0f, new String[0],
                new String[0], new String[0], SuggestItem.Kind.DOCUMENT);
        // Explicitly set ID to null (constructor auto-generates ID)
        item.setId(null);

* Use American English spelling in code, comments, and documentation (e.g., "color" not "colour", "initialize" not "initialise"). See [ADR-0009](architecture/standards/0009-use-american-english.md) for details.

            // When - calculate percentage free
            double percentFree = (allocInfo.getFree() * 100.0) / allocInfo.getCapacity();

            // Then
            assertEquals(25.0, percentFree, 0.001);
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should support available space check pattern")
        void shouldSupportAvailableSpaceCheckPattern() {
            // Given

        assertTrue(ratio >= 0.0 && ratio <= 1.0);

        double noneRatio = compressionService.estimateCompressionRatio(testData, CompressionService.COMPRESSION_NONE);
        assertEquals(1.0, noneRatio, 0.001);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test configuration limits")
    public void testConfigurationLimits() {
        assertTrue(compressionService.getMinCompressionSize() > 0);

            double percentUsed = ((fileFsSizeInfo.getCapacity() - fileFsSizeInfo.getFree()) * 100.0) / fileFsSizeInfo.getCapacity();

            // Then
            assertEquals(25.0, percentFree, 0.001);
            assertEquals(75.0, percentUsed, 0.001);
        }
    }

		{+1, +1e3 - 0e0, "1.000001"},
		{+1, +1e0 - 0e0, "1.000000001"},
		{0, 1e9 - 1e0, "0.999999999"},
		{0, 1e9 - 1e3, "0.999999"},
		{0, 1e9 - 1e6, "0.999"},
		{0, 0e0, "0"},
		{0, 1e6 + 0e0, "0.001"},
		{0, 1e3 + 0e0, "0.000001"},
		{0, 1e0 + 0e0, "0.000000001"},
		{-1, -1e9 + 1e0, "-1.999999999"},
		{-1, -1e9 + 1e3, "-1.999999"},
		{-1, -1e9 + 1e6, "-1.999"},
		{-1, -0e0 + 0e0, "-1"},

                    ((fileFsFullSizeInfo.getCapacity() - fileFsFullSizeInfo.getFree()) * 100.0) / fileFsFullSizeInfo.getCapacity();

            // Then
            assertEquals(25.0, percentFree, 0.001);
            assertEquals(75.0, percentUsed, 0.001);
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should differentiate between caller available and actual free units")

        assertEquals("010203", StringUtil.toHex(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 }));
    }

    /**
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testToHex2() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("0001", StringUtil.toHex(1));
    }

    /**
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testAppendHex() throws Exception {
        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();