你也可以在 Python **之外**的終端機中建立環境變數（或使用其他方法），然後在 Python 中**讀取**它們。

例如，你可以建立一個名為 `main.py` 的檔案，其中包含以下內容：

```Python hl_lines="3"
import os

name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
```

/// tip

第二個參數是 [`os.getenv()`](https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/os.html#os.getenv) 的預設回傳值。

如果沒有提供，預設值為 `None`，這裡我們提供 `"World"` 作為預設值。

///

然後你可以呼叫這個 Python 程式：

     * @param crudMode The CRUD mode.
     * @param id The ID.
     * @return The HTML response.
     */
    @Execute
    @Secured({ ROLE, ROLE + VIEW })
    public HtmlResponse details(final int crudMode, final String id) {
        verifyCrudMode(crudMode, CrudMode.DETAILS, this::asListHtml);
        saveToken();
        return asDetailsHtml().useForm(EditForm.class, op -> {
            op.setup(form -> {

      clientReaderWithCompression.processNextFrame()
    }.also { expected ->
      assertThat(expected.message!!).contains("closed")
    }
  }

  private fun binaryData(length: Int): ByteString {
    val junk = ByteArray(length)
    random.nextBytes(junk)
    return junk.toByteString()
  }

rr3DRiUP6V/10CZ/ImeSJ72k69VuTw9vq2HzB4x6pqxF2X7JQSLUCS2wfNN13N0d
9A==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----`)

	return tls.X509KeyPair(certPEMBlock, keyPEMBlock)
}

func getNextPort() string {
	return strconv.Itoa(int(atomic.AddUint32(&serverPort, 1)))
}

func getNonLoopBackIP(t *testing.T) string {
	localIP4 := set.NewStringSet()
	addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
	if err != nil {

	)

	validCases := []string{
		"count(*)",
		"sum(2 + s.id)",
		"sum(t)",
		"avg(s.id[1])",
		"coalesce(s.id[1], 2, 2 + 3)",

		"cast(s as string)",
		"cast(s AS INT)",
		"cast(s as DECIMAL)",
		"extract(YEAR from '2018-01-09')",
		"extract(month from '2018-01-09')",

		"extract(hour from '2018-01-09')",
		"extract(day from '2018-01-09')",
		"substring('abcd' from 2 for 2)",

     * @param id the ID of the request header item to display
     * @return HTML response for the details page
     */
    @Execute
    @Secured({ ROLE, ROLE + VIEW })
    public HtmlResponse details(final int crudMode, final String id) {
        verifyCrudMode(crudMode, CrudMode.DETAILS, this::asListHtml);
        saveToken();
        return asDetailsHtml().useForm(EditForm.class, op -> {
            op.setup(form -> {

     * @param id the file authentication ID
     * @return HTML response for the details page
     */
    @Execute
    @Secured({ ROLE, ROLE + VIEW })
    public HtmlResponse details(final int crudMode, final String id) {
        verifyCrudMode(crudMode, CrudMode.DETAILS, this::asListHtml);
        saveToken();
        return asDetailsHtml().useForm(EditForm.class, op -> {
            op.setup(form -> {

Boolean flag = BooleanConversionUtil.toBoolean("true");        // Returns true
Date date = DateConversionUtil.toDate("2023-12-25", "yyyy-MM-dd");

// Primitive conversions with default values
int primitiveInt = IntegerConversionUtil.toPrimitiveInt(value, "0");  // Default to 0 if null
```

### Collection Utilities with Java 21 Support
```java
import org.codelibs.core.collection.CollectionsUtil;

     * @param path the path to the artifact file
     */
    default void attachArtifact(@Nonnull Session session, @Nonnull Project project, @Nonnull Path path) {
        String name = path.getFileName().toString();
        int dot = name.lastIndexOf('.');
        String ext = dot >= 1 ? name.substring(dot + 1) : "";
        ProducedArtifact artifact = session.createProducedArtifact(

            // Create a large number of POM documents for performance testing
            Map<Path, Document> largePomMap = new HashMap<>();

            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                Path pomPath = Paths.get("module" + i + "/pom.xml");
                String pomContent = PomBuilder.create()
                        .groupId("com.example")