* {@link Predicate#apply}. Do not provide a predicate such as {@code
   * Predicates.instanceOf(ArrayList.class)}, which is inconsistent with equals. (See {@link
   * Iterables#filter(Iterable, Class)} for related functionality.)
   *
   * @since 14.0
   */
  public static <E extends @Nullable Object> Multiset<E> filter(

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Ints.tryParse("0", Character.MAX_RADIX + 1));
  }

  public void testTryParse_radixTooSmall() {
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Ints.tryParse("0", Character.MIN_RADIX - 1));
  }

  public void testTryParse_withNullGwt() {
    assertThat(Ints.tryParse("null")).isNull();
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> Ints.tryParse(null));
  }

        .isEqualTo(new long[] {(long) 1, (long) 0, (long) 0});
  }

  public void testEnsureCapacity_fail() {
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Longs.ensureCapacity(ARRAY1, -1, 1));
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Longs.ensureCapacity(ARRAY1, 1, -1));
  }

  public void testJoin() {
    assertThat(Longs.join(",", EMPTY)).isEmpty();

    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> MinMaxPriorityQueue.isEvenLevel((1 << 31) - 1));
    assertThrows(
        IllegalStateException.class, () -> MinMaxPriorityQueue.isEvenLevel(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> MinMaxPriorityQueue.isEvenLevel(1 << 31));
    assertThrows(
        IllegalStateException.class, () -> MinMaxPriorityQueue.isEvenLevel(Integer.MIN_VALUE));
  }

 *
 * Fortunately, if anyone does want to use a Converter as a `Function<@Nullable A, @Nullable B>`,
 * it's easy to get one: `converter::convert`.
 *
 * [*] In annotating this class, we're ignoring LegacyConverter.
 */
public abstract class Converter<A, B> implements Function<A, B> {
  private final boolean handleNullAutomatically;

  // We lazily cache the reverse view to avoid allocating on every call to reverse().

app = FastAPI()


data = {
    "plumbus": {"description": "Freshly pickled plumbus", "owner": "Morty"},
    "portal-gun": {"description": "Gun to create portals", "owner": "Rick"},
}


class OwnerError(Exception):
    pass


def get_username():
    try:
        yield "Rick"
    except OwnerError as e:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Owner error: {e}")

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


class InternalError(Exception):
    pass


def get_username():
    try:
        yield "Rick"
    except InternalError:
        print("We don't swallow the internal error here, we raise again 😎")
        raise


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]):

from typing import List

import yaml
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Request
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    tags: List[str]


@app.post(
    "/items/",
    openapi_extra={
        "requestBody": {
            "content": {"application/x-yaml": {"schema": Item.model_json_schema()}},
            "required": True,
        },
    },

Porém nós queremos poder parametrizar o conteúdo fixo.

## Uma instância "chamável"

Em Python existe uma maneira de fazer com que uma instância de uma classe seja um "chamável".

Não propriamente a classe (que já é um chamável), mas a instância desta classe.

Para fazer isso, nós declaramos o método `__call__`:

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="12"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!}

You import it and create an "instance" the same way you would with the class `FastAPI`:

```Python hl_lines="1  3" title="app/routers/users.py"
{!../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/users.py!}
```

### *Path operations* with `APIRouter`

And then you use it to declare your *path operations*.

Use it the same way you would use the `FastAPI` class:

```Python hl_lines="6  11  16" title="app/routers/users.py"