* invoked directly; please see {@link
 * com.google.common.collect.testing.CollectionTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Chris Povirk
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class CollectionContainsAllTester<E> extends AbstractCollectionTester<E> {

 * directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.ListTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Chris Povirk
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class ListRemoveAtIndexTester<E> extends AbstractListTester<E> {

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tests for {@code Multiset#count}.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MultisetCountTester<E> extends AbstractMultisetTester<E> {

  public void testCount_0() {

 * directly; please see {@link com.google.common.collect.testing.CollectionTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class CollectionSpliteratorTester<E> extends AbstractCollectionTester<E> {

 * concurrent update operations, wrap your multimap with a call to {@link
 * Multimaps#synchronizedSetMultimap}.
 *
 * <p><b>Warning:</b> Do not modify either a key <i>or a value</i> of a {@code HashMultimap} in a
 * way that affects its {@link Object#equals} behavior. Undefined behavior and bugs will result.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 * @since 2.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(serializable = true, emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault

Si vous ne voulez pas leur donner de valeur par défaut mais juste les rendre optionnels, utilisez `None` comme valeur par défaut.

Mais si vous voulez rendre un paramètre de requête obligatoire, vous pouvez juste ne pas y affecter de valeur par défaut :

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py hl[6:7] *}

Ici le paramètre `needy` est un paramètre requis (ou obligatoire) de type `str`.

Si vous ouvrez une URL comme :

```

 * from AbstractCollectionTester.)
 *
 * @param <K> the key type of the map to be tested.
 * @param <V> the value type of the map to be tested.
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault

 * already covered by the corresponding Collection testers.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MultisetRemoveTester<E> extends AbstractMultisetTester<E> {

import java.util.Set;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tests for {@code Multiset.elementSet()} not covered by the derived {@code SetTestSuiteBuilder}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MultisetElementSetTester<E> extends AbstractMultisetTester<E> {

/**
 * Testers for {@link SetMultimap#asMap}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @param <K> The key type of the tested multimap.
 * @param <V> The value type of the tested multimap.
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore // Affects only Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault