👆 💪 ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` 👈.

⚫️ 📨 🎚, 💖 Pydantic 🏷, & 📨 🎻 🔗 ⏬:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="5  22"
{!> ../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="4  21"
{!> ../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!}
```

////

👉 🖼, ⚫️ 🔜 🗜 Pydantic 🏷 `dict`, & `datetime` `str`.

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ alternative

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py!}
```

////

👉 💼, 📋 🔢 🔜 ✍ 📁 (⚖ 📨 📧).

& ✍ 🛠️ 🚫 ⚙️ `async` & `await`, 👥 🔬 🔢 ⏮️ 😐 `def`:

```Python hl_lines="6-9"
{!../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
```

## 🚮 🖥 📋

🔘 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 🚶‍♀️ 👆 📋 🔢 *🖥 📋* 🎚 ⏮️ 👩‍🔬 `.add_task()`:

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
```

`.add_task()` 📨 ❌:

* 📋 🔢 🏃 🖥 (`write_notification`).

🌐 👥 💪 🍵 📨 🔘 `try`/`except` 🍫:

```Python hl_lines="13  15"
{!../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py!}
```

🚥 ⚠ 📉, `Request` 👐 🔜 ↔, 👥 💪 ✍ & ⚒ ⚙️ 📨 💪 🕐❔ 🚚 ❌:

```Python hl_lines="16-18"
{!../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py!}
```

## 🛃 `APIRoute` 🎓 📻

👆 💪 ⚒ `route_class` 🔢 `APIRouter`:

```Python hl_lines="26"

Vamos iniciar com um exemplo e ver isso detalhadamente.

Nós criamos uma função assíncrona chamada `lifespan()` com `yield` como este:

```Python hl_lines="16  19"
{!../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
```

一般情况下可能不会需要在代码中直接使用响应头。

但对于某些高级应用场景，还是需要添加自定义响应头：

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!}

```

## 安装自定义异常处理器

添加自定义处理器，要使用 [Starlette 的异常工具](https://www.starlette.io/exceptions/)。

假设要触发的自定义异常叫作 `UnicornException`。

且需要 FastAPI 实现全局处理该异常。

此时，可以用 `@app.exception_handler()` 添加自定义异常控制器：

```Python hl_lines="5-7  13-18  24"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!}

```Python hl_lines="17"
{!../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

#### Obtenha o *valor de enumerate*

Você pode ter o valor exato de enumerate (um `str` nesse caso) usando `model_name.value`, ou em geral, `your_enum_member.value`:

```Python hl_lines="20"
{!../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

/// tip | "Dica"

Первое, что вам необходимо сделать, это импортировать `BaseModel` из пакета `pydantic`:

```Python hl_lines="4"
{!../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
```

## Создание вашей собственной модели

После этого вы описываете вашу модель данных как класс, наследующий от `BaseModel`.

Используйте аннотации типов Python для всех атрибутов:

```Python hl_lines="7-11"
{!../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
```

### 📁 📁

👟 ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 🖼, 👆 `config.py` 📁 💪 👀 💖:

```Python hl_lines="10"
{!../../docs_src/settings/app02/config.py!}
```

👀 👈 🔜 👥 🚫 ✍ 🔢 👐 `settings = Settings()`.

### 👑 📱 📁

🔜 👥 ✍ 🔗 👈 📨 🆕 `config.Settings()`.

```Python hl_lines="5  11-12"
{!../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!}
```

/// tip

👥 🔜 🔬 `@lru_cache` 🍖.

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="7  14"
{!> ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9  17"
{!> ../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!}
```

////

## 带有额外元数据的 `UploadFile`

您也可以将 `File()` 与 `UploadFile` 一起使用，例如，设置额外的元数据:

```Python hl_lines="13"