import com.google.common.base.Supplier;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.MapMaker;
import com.google.common.math.IntMath;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

 *       #toString} behavior you expect.
 *   <li>Offers useful operations beyond just {@code get} and {@code length}, so you don't have to
 *       hunt through classes like {@link Arrays} and {@link Ints} for them.
 *   <li>Supports a copy-free {@link #subArray} view, so methods that accept this type don't need to
 *       add overloads that accept start and end indexes.

import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

    List<Integer> ints = Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2);
    List<Float> floats = Arrays.asList(0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
    List<Long> longs = Arrays.asList(0L, 1L, 2L);
    List<Double> doubles = Arrays.asList(0.0, 1.0, 2.0);

    assertThat(Bytes.toArray(bytes)).isEqualTo(array);
    assertThat(Bytes.toArray(shorts)).isEqualTo(array);
    assertThat(Bytes.toArray(ints)).isEqualTo(array);

   * that gets messy here, and we already have null tests for Range.
   */

  /*
   * These generators also rely on consecutive integer inputs (not necessarily in order, but no
   * holes).
   */

  // SetCreationTester has some tests that pass in duplicates. Dedup them.

### Core Design Principles
CoreLib follows a **utility-class pattern** where most functionality is exposed through static methods:

- **Assertion-based validation** - All methods validate inputs using `AssertionUtil.assertArgumentNotNull()` and `AssertionUtil.assertArgumentNotEmpty()`

        assertEquals(expectedLong, LongMath.binomial(n, k));
      }
    }
  }


  @GwtIncompatible // Slow
  public void testBinomial_exhaustiveNotOverflowing() {
    // Tests all of the inputs to LongMath.binomial that won't cause it to overflow, that weren't
    // tested in the previous method, for k >= 3.
    for (int k = 3; k < LongMath.biggestBinomials.length; k++) {

  }

  // We're testing our asEnumeration method against a known-good implementation.
  @SuppressWarnings("JdkObsolete")
  private static Enumeration<Integer> enumerate(int... ints) {
    Vector<Integer> vector = new Vector<>(Ints.asList(ints));
    return vector.elements();
  }

  public void testToString() {
    Iterator<String> iterator = Lists.newArrayList("yam", "bam", "jam", "ham").iterator();

   * that gets messy here, and we already have null tests for Range.
   */

  /*
   * These generators also rely on consecutive integer inputs (not necessarily in order, but no
   * holes).
   */

  // SetCreationTester has some tests that pass in duplicates. Dedup them.

        CIFSException ex = assertThrows(CIFSException.class, () -> ctx.verifyMIC(data, mic));
        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("Failed to verify MIC"));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("verifyMIC with null inputs throws NPE")
    void verifyMIC_nullInputs() {
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> ctx.verifyMIC(null, new byte[] { 1 }));