Duration elapsed = clock.elapsedTime();
            Duration calculated = Duration.between(clock.startInstant(), now);

            // Allow for small timing differences (1ms) due to execution time between measurements
            assertTrue(
                    Math.abs(elapsed.toMillis() - calculated.toMillis()) <= 1,
                    "Elapsed time should match calculated duration between start and now");

import org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.ArtifactResolutionException;
import org.apache.maven.artifact.versioning.InvalidVersionSpecificationException;
import org.apache.maven.execution.MavenSession;
import org.apache.maven.model.Plugin;
import org.apache.maven.plugin.InvalidPluginDescriptorException;
import org.apache.maven.plugin.InvalidPluginException;
import org.apache.maven.plugin.LegacySupport;

*----+------+------+
| <<<maven.version>>> | The version number of the current Maven execution <(since 3.0.4)>. For example, "<<<3.0.5>>>". | <<<$\{maven.version\}>>> |
*----+------+------+

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with message and cause
        String message = "Script execution failed";
        Exception cause = new RuntimeException("Underlying error");
        ScriptEngineException exception = new ScriptEngineException(message, cause);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());

         * System properties are initialized before the build starts and are available throughout the entire Maven
         * execution. They are used for core Maven functionality that needs to be established at startup.
         */
        SYSTEM_PROPERTIES,
        /**

            // Log summary
            logSummary(context, result);

            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            context.failure("Strategy execution failed: " + e.getMessage());
            return UpgradeResult.failure(pomMap.keySet(), Set.of());
        } finally {
            context.unindent();
        }
    }

    /**

     * @param query the user's search query string
     * @param context a consumer that allows additional customization of the query context
     * @return a fully constructed QueryContext ready for OpenSearch execution
     */
    public QueryContext build(final SearchRequestType searchRequestType, final String query, final Consumer<QueryContext> context) {
        String q;

import org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.ArtifactNotFoundException;
import org.apache.maven.artifact.resolver.ArtifactResolutionException;
import org.apache.maven.execution.MavenExecutionRequest;
import org.apache.maven.execution.MavenSession;
import org.apache.maven.model.Repository;
import org.apache.maven.model.building.ModelBuildingException;
import org.apache.maven.model.building.ModelBuildingRequest;

/// tip

這裡我們使用 [`time.perf_counter()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.perf_counter) 而不是 `time.time()`，因為在這些用例中它可能更精確。🤓

///

## 多個中介軟體的執行順序 { #multiple-middleware-execution-order }

當你使用 `@app.middleware()` 裝飾器或 `app.add_middleware()` 方法加入多個中介軟體時，每個新的中介軟體都會包裹應用程式，形成一個堆疊。最後加入的中介軟體位於最外層，最先加入的位於最內層。

在請求路徑上，最外層的中介軟體最先執行。

在回應路徑上，它最後執行。

例如：

```Python

   * AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater}, which will prevent us from selecting the {@code SafeAtomicHelper}
   * strategy.
   *
   * <p>Stashing this in a static field avoids loading it over and over again and speeds up test
   * execution significantly.
   */
  private static final ClassLoader NO_ATOMIC_FIELD_UPDATER =
      getClassLoader(
          ImmutableSet.of(
              AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.class.getName(),