{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/test_main.py hl[3] *}


...and have the code for the tests just like before.

## Testing: extended example { #testing-extended-example }

Now let's extend this example and add more details to see how to test different parts.

### Extended **FastAPI** app file { #extended-fastapi-app-file }

Let's continue with the same file structure as before:

In this example, when the client requests an item by an ID that doesn't exist, raise an exception with a status code of `404`:

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py hl[11] *}

### The resulting response { #the-resulting-response }

In some cases, you may want to override the logic used by the `Request` and `APIRoute` classes.

In particular, this may be a good alternative to logic in a middleware.

For example, if you want to read or manipulate the request body before it is processed by your application.

/// danger

This is an "advanced" feature.

If you are just starting with **FastAPI** you might want to skip this section.

 *
 * <p>Example usage:</p>
 * <pre>
 * {@code
 * XPathAPI xPathAPI = new XPathAPI();
 * NodeList nodes = xPathAPI.selectNodeList(contextNode, "//example");
 * Node singleNode = xPathAPI.selectSingleNode(contextNode, "//example[1]");
 * XPathEvaluationResult<?> result = xPathAPI.eval(contextNode, "count(//example)");
 * }
 * </pre>
 *

User-agent: Crawler
Disallow: /aaa

User-agent: Crawler/1.0
Disallow: /bbb

User-agent: Crawler/2.0
Disallow: /ccc

User-agent: Hoge Crawler
Disallow: /ddd

sitemap: http://www.example.com/sitmap.xml

**FastAPI** will keep the additional information from `responses`, and combine it with the JSON Schema from your model.

For example, you can declare a response with a status code `404` that uses a Pydantic model and has a custom `description`.

And a response with a status code `200` that uses your `response_model`, but includes a custom `example`:

{* ../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py hl[20:31] *}

 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 1.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class Throwables {
  private Throwables() {}

  /**
   * Throws {@code throwable} if it is an instance of {@code declaredType}. Example usage:
   *
   * <pre>
   * for (Foo foo : foos) {
   *   try {
   *     foo.bar();
   *   } catch (BarException | RuntimeException | Error t) {
   *     failure = t;
   *   }
   * }

    }

  /**
   * Returns a string with containing this URL with its username, password, query, and fragment
   * stripped, and its path replaced with `/...`. For example, redacting
   * `http://username:password@example.com/path` returns `http://example.com/...`.
   */
  fun redact(): String =
    newBuilder("/...")!!
      .username("")
      .password("")
      .build()
      .toString()

  /**

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
   <sitemap>
      <loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap1.xml.gz</loc>
      <lastmod>2004-10-01T18:23:17+00:00</lastmod>
   </sitemap>
   <sitemap>
      <loc>http://www.example.com/sitemap2.xml.gz</loc>
      <lastmod>2005-01-01</lastmod>
   </sitemap>

            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public String getNotificationTo() {
            return "admin@example.com,test@example.com";
        }

        @Override
        public String getMailFromAddress() {
            return "fess@example.com";
        }

        @Override
        public String getMailFromName() {
            return "Fess System";
        }