return entity;
        });
    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    /**
     * Verifies that the CRUD mode matches the expected mode.
     *
     * @param crudMode the current CRUD mode

        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> raf.writeChars(null));
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> raf.writeUTF(null));
    }

    // Small reflection helpers to access private fields for interaction verification
    private static Object getField(Object target, String name) {
        try {
            var f = target.getClass().getDeclaredField(name);

   * the end).
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code n < 0}
   */
  public static BigInteger factorial(int n) {
    checkNonNegative("n", n);

    // If the factorial is small enough, just use LongMath to do it.
    if (n < LongMath.factorials.length) {
      return BigInteger.valueOf(LongMath.factorials[n]);
    }

    // Pre-allocate space for our list of intermediate BigIntegers.

In **SQLModel**, any model class that has `table=True` is a **table model**.

And any model class that doesn't have `table=True` is a **data model**, these ones are actually just Pydantic models (with a couple of small extra features). 🤓

With SQLModel, we can use **inheritance** to **avoid duplicating** all the fields in all the cases.

#### `HeroBase` - the base class { #herobase-the-base-class }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should throw exception for buffer underrun")
        void testReadBytesWireFormatWithBufferUnderrun() {
            // Given
            byte[] buffer = new byte[59]; // One byte too small
            SMBUtil.writeInt2(60, buffer, 0);

            // When & Then
            assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
                response.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

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 * allowed to be reclaimed if nobody is holding on to them. This is useful, for example, if one
 * wants to create a {@code Striped<Lock>} of many locks, but worries that in most cases only a
 * small portion of these would be in use.
 *
 * <p>Prior to this class, one might be tempted to use {@code Map<K, Lock>}, where {@code K}
 * represents the task. This maximizes concurrency by having each unique key mapped to a unique

      1263739024124850375L
    },
    {Long.MAX_VALUE, 2, 325, 9375, 28178, 450775, 9780504, 1795265022}
  };

  private enum MillerRabinTester {
    /** Works for inputs ≤ FLOOR_SQRT_MAX_LONG. */
    SMALL {
      @Override
      long mulMod(long a, long b, long m) {
        /*
         * lowasser, 2015-Feb-12: Benchmarks suggest that changing this to UnsignedLongs.remainder

        }

        @Override
        public void enc_ndr_small(int v) {
            // Simulate encoding a small
            offset += 1;
        }

        @Override
        public int dec_ndr_small() {
            // Simulate decoding a small
            offset += 1;
            return 0; // Return a dummy value
        }

        @Override

import java.util.List;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

@SuppressWarnings("unused") // Nested enums used reflectively in setUp.
@NullUnmarked
public class EnumsBenchmark {

  @Param({"Small", "Medium", "Large"})
  String enumSize;

  @Param({"0.2", "0.8"})
  float hitRate;

  // We could avoid the raw type here by initializing this with a ternary (? SmallEnum.class : ...).