# 直接返回响应

当你创建一个 **FastAPI** *路径操作* 时，你可以正常返回以下任意一种数据：`dict`，`list`，Pydantic 模型，数据库模型等等。

**FastAPI** 默认会使用 `jsonable_encoder` 将这些类型的返回值转换成 JSON 格式，`jsonable_encoder` 在 [JSON 兼容编码器](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中有阐述。

然后，**FastAPI** 会在后台将这些兼容 JSON 的数据（比如字典）放到一个 `JSONResponse` 中，该 `JSONResponse` 会用来发送响应给客户端。

但是你可以在你的 *路径操作* 中直接返回一个 `JSONResponse`。

直接返回响应可能会有用处，比如返回自定义的响应头和 cookies。

## 返回 `Response`

	tmFmtZero   = "0000-00-00 00:00:00"
	nullStr     = "NULL"
)

func isPrintable(s string) bool {
	for _, r := range s {
		if !unicode.IsPrint(r) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// A list of Go types that should be converted to SQL primitives
var convertibleTypes = []reflect.Type{reflect.TypeOf(time.Time{}), reflect.TypeOf(false), reflect.TypeOf([]byte{})}

// RegEx matches only numeric values

    val stepExecutionMode: ExecutionMode = if (isRetry) ExecutionMode.RUN_ONLY_ON_FAILURE else ExecutionMode.DEFAULT
    val extraBuildScanTags: List<String> = if (isRetry) listOf("RetriedBuild") else emptyList()

    val buildScanTags = model.buildScanTags + listOfNotNull(stage?.id) + extraBuildScanTags
    val parameters = (

            <tag>
              <name>spec</name>
              <placement>X</placement>
            </tag>
          </tags>

          <!-- TODO(cpovirk): Move this to the parent after making the package-list files available there. -->
          <!-- We add the link ourselves, both so that we can choose Java 9 over the version that -source suggests and so that we can solve the JSR305 problem described below. -->

					t.Fatalf("expected \"%s\" in command output, got %s", s, commandOutput)
				}
			}

			// check mutating webhooks after run
			webhooksAfter, _ := client.AdmissionregistrationV1().MutatingWebhookConfigurations().List(context.Background(), metav1.ListOptions{})
			if len(webhooksAfter.Items) != len(tc.webhooksAfter.Items) {
				t.Fatalf("expected %d after running, got %d", len(tc.webhooksAfter.Items), len(webhooksAfter.Items))
			}
		})

- CustomResourceDefinition schemas that use `x-kubernetes-list-map-keys` to specify properties that uniquely identify list items must make those properties required or have a default value, to ensure those properties are present for all list items. See https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts/#merge-strategy for details. ([#88076](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/88076),...

## Syntaxhervorhebung deaktivieren

Sie könnten beispielsweise die Syntaxhervorhebung in der Swagger-Oberfläche deaktivieren.

Ohne Änderung der Einstellungen ist die Syntaxhervorhebung standardmäßig aktiviert:

<img src="/img/tutorial/extending-openapi/image02.png">

Sie können sie jedoch deaktivieren, indem Sie `syntaxHighlight` auf `False` setzen:

```Python hl_lines="3"

import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**

The shape of this OpenAPI-specific field `examples` is a `dict` with **multiple examples** (instead of a `list`), each with extra information that will be added to **OpenAPI** too.

This doesn't go inside of each JSON Schema contained in OpenAPI, this goes outside, in the *path operation* directly.

Pero, todo **simplemente funciona** por defecto.

### Validación

* Validación para la mayoría (¿o todos?) los **tipos de datos** de Python incluyendo:
    * Objetos JSON (`dict`).
    * JSON array (`list`) definiendo tipos de ítem.
    * Campos de texto (`str`) definiendo longitudes mínimas y máximas.
    * Números (`int`, `float`) con valores mínimos y máximos, etc.

* Validación para tipos más exóticos como:
    * URL.