regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

# 測試 { #testing }

多虧了 [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/)，測試 **FastAPI** 應用既簡單又好用。

它是基於 [HTTPX](https://www.python-httpx.org) 打造，而 HTTPX 的設計又參考了 Requests，所以用起來非常熟悉、直覺。

借助它，你可以直接用 [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/) 來測試 **FastAPI**。

## 使用 `TestClient` { #using-testclient }

/// info

要使用 `TestClient`，請先安裝 [`httpx`](https://www.python-httpx.org)。

請先建立並啟用一個[虛擬環境](../virtual-environments.md)，然後安裝，例如：

```console

https://yourapi.com/invoices/?callback_url=https://www.external.org/events
```

ve JSON body şu şekilde olursa:

```JSON
{
    "id": "2expen51ve",
    "customer": "Mr. Richie Rich",
    "total": "9999"
}
```

o zaman sizin API'niz faturayı işleyecek ve daha sonra bir noktada `callback_url`'ye (yani *external API*'ye) bir callback request gönderecek:

```
https://www.external.org/events/invoices/2expen51ve
```

# 测试 { #testing }

感谢 [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/)，测试**FastAPI** 应用轻松又愉快。

它基于 [HTTPX](https://www.python-httpx.org)，而HTTPX又是基于Requests设计的，所以很相似且易懂。

有了它，你可以直接与**FastAPI**一起使用 [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/)。

## 使用 `TestClient` { #using-testclient }

/// info | 信息

要使用 `TestClient`，先要安装 [`httpx`](https://www.python-httpx.org)。

确保你创建并激活一个[虚拟环境](../virtual-environments.md)，然后再安装，例如：

```console

  ~
  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
  ~
  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  ~
  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,