from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta
from typing import Union
from uuid import UUID

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    item_id: UUID,
    start_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    end_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    process_after: timedelta = Body(),
    repeat_at: Union[time, None] = Body(default=None),
):

By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using a `JSONResponse`, putting the content you return from your *path operation* inside of that `JSONResponse`.

It will use the default status code or the one you set in your *path operation*.

## Additional status codes { #additional-status-codes_1 }

from fastapi.responses import PlainTextResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.advanced_middleware.tutorial003_py39 import app


@app.get("/large")
async def large():
    return PlainTextResponse("x" * 4000, status_code=200)


client = TestClient(app)


def test_middleware():
    response = client.get("/large", headers={"accept-encoding": "gzip"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},

from fastapi.utils import generate_unique_id
from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.datastructures import State
from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
from starlette.middleware import Middleware
from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
from starlette.middleware.errors import ServerErrorMiddleware
from starlette.middleware.exceptions import ExceptionMiddleware
from starlette.requests import Request

            return
        }

        // The correct state we are looking for is:
        // 1. It's a merge commit.
        // 2. One of its parent commits is from master only.
        // 3. Another parent commit is not from master but from release branch.
        // Otherwise, skip this commit.
        List<String> p1Branches = branchesOf(parentCommits[0])
        List<String> p2Branches = branchesOf(parentCommits[1])

It includes:

* `Query()`
* `Path()`
* `Body()`
* `Cookie()`
* `Header()`
* `Form()`
* `File()`

You can import them all directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Body, Cookie, File, Form, Header, Path, Query
```

::: fastapi.Query

::: fastapi.Path

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class BaseItem(BaseModel):
    description: str
    type: str


class CarItem(BaseItem):
    type: str = "car"


class PlaneItem(BaseItem):
    type: str = "plane"
    size: int


items = {
    "item1": {"description": "All my friends drive a low rider", "type": "car"},
    "item2": {

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            examples=[

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Annotated

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from pwdlib import PasswordHash
from pydantic import BaseModel

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32