Sehen wir uns zunächst kurz die Teile an, die sich gegenüber den Beispielen im Haupt-**Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch** für [OAuth2 mit Password (und Hashing), Bearer mit JWT-Tokens](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ändern. Diesmal verwenden wir OAuth2-Scopes:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[4,8,12,46,64,105,107:115,121:124,128:134,139,155] *}

Sehen wir uns diese Änderungen nun Schritt für Schritt an.

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link Ints}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
@SuppressWarnings("cast") // redundant casts are intentional and harmless
public class IntsTest extends TestCase {

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Base class for {@link ImmutableSet} and {@link ImmutableSortedSet} tests.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public abstract class AbstractImmutableSetTest extends TestCase {

Um alle Optionen kennenzulernen, die Sie haben, schauen Sie sich <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantics Typübersicht</a> an. Sie werden im nächsten Kapitel ein paar Beispiele kennenlernen.

    //                                                                              ======
    /**
     * Sets up HTML data for rendering, including help link.
     *
     * @param runtime the action runtime
     */
    @Override
    protected void setupHtmlData(final ActionRuntime runtime) {
        super.setupHtmlData(runtime);

hMedia("only all")&&a.matchMedia("only all").matches,!c.mediaQueriesSupported){var g,h,i,j=a.document,k=j.documentElement,l=[],m=[],n=[],o={},p=30,q=j.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||k,r=j.getElementsByTagName("base")[0],s=q.getElementsByTagName("link"),t=function(){var a,b=j.createElement("div"),c=j.body,d=k.style.fontSize,e=c&&c.style.fontSize,f=!1;return b.style.cssText="position:absolute;font-size:1em;width:1em",c||(c=f=j.createElement("body"),c.style.background="none"),k.style.fontSize="10...

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link FinalizableReferenceQueue}.
 *
 * @author Bob Lee
 */
// - depends on details of GC and classloading
// - .class files aren't available
// - possibly no real concept of separate ClassLoaders?
@AndroidIncompatible

import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Helper class for creating {@link CacheBuilder} instances with all combinations of several sets of
 * parameters.
 *
 * @author mike nonemacher
 */
@NullUnmarked
class CacheBuilderFactory {

  /**
   * Creates a {@code CollectorTester} for the specified {@code Collector}. The result of the {@code
   * Collector} will be compared to the expected value using {@link Object#equals}.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object, A extends @Nullable Object, R extends @Nullable Object>
      CollectorTester<T, A, R> of(Collector<T, A, R> collector) {

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link FinalizableReferenceQueue}.
 *
 * @author Bob Lee
 */
// - depends on details of GC and classloading
// - .class files aren't available
// - possibly no real concept of separate ClassLoaders?
@AndroidIncompatible