* `Optional`
* ...и др.

называются **Generic-типами** или **Generics**.

### Классы как типы

Вы также можете объявить класс как тип переменной.

Допустим, у вас есть класс `Person` с полем `name`:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py hl[1:3] *}


Тогда вы можете объявить переменную типа `Person`:

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py hl[6] *}

Output decrypted to inspect.ad2b43d8.zip
```

            putValue(data, "Disposition", message.getDisposition());
            putValue(data, "Encoding", message.getEncoding());
            putValue(data, "File-Name", message.getFileName());
            putValue(data, "From", message.getFrom());
            putValue(data, "Line-Count", message.getLineCount());
            putValue(data, "Message-ID", message.getMessageID());

                    uq.setCreateTime(SystemUtil.currentTimeMillis());
                    uq.setDepth(depth);
                    uq.setMethod(d.getMethod().name());
                    uq.setEncoding(encoding);
                    uq.setParentUrl(url);
                    uq.setSessionId(crawlerContext.getSessionId());
                    uq.setUrl(d.getUrl());

        CommandExecutionException exception2 = new CommandExecutionException("Test");

        // Both instances should be of the same class
        assertEquals(exception1.getClass(), exception2.getClass());

        // Test serialization compatibility by checking class name
        assertEquals("org.codelibs.fess.exception.CommandExecutionException", exception1.getClass().getName());
    }

### Same Schema for Input and Output Models in Docs { #same-schema-for-input-and-output-models-in-docs }

And now there will be one single schema for input and output for the model, only `Item`, and it will have `description` as **not required**:

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/separate-openapi-schemas/image05.png">
</div>

		zb0001--
		field, err = dc.ReadMapKeyPtr()
		if err != nil {
			err = msgp.WrapError(err)
			return
		}
		switch msgp.UnsafeString(field) {
		case "Name":
			z.Name, err = dc.ReadString()
			if err != nil {
				err = msgp.WrapError(err, "Name")
				return
			}
		case "NextCycle":
			z.NextCycle, err = dc.ReadUint32()
			if err != nil {
				err = msgp.WrapError(err, "NextCycle")
				return
			}

</div>

////

## 在 Python 中讀取環境變數

你也可以在 Python **之外**的終端機中建立環境變數（或使用其他方法），然後在 Python 中**讀取**它們。

例如，你可以建立一個名為 `main.py` 的檔案，其中包含以下內容：

```Python hl_lines="3"
import os

name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
```

/// tip

第二個參數是 <a href="https://docs.python.org/zh-tw/3.8/library/os.html#os.getenv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`os.getenv()`</a> 的預設回傳值。

		"avx512enc/avx512_bitalg",
		"avx512enc/avx512_ifma",
		"avx512enc/avx512_vbmi",
		"avx512enc/avx512_vbmi2",
		"avx512enc/avx512_vnni",
		"avx512enc/avx512_vpopcntdq",
	}
	for _, name := range filenames {
		testEndToEnd(t, "amd64", name)
	}
}

func TestAMD64Errors(t *testing.T) {
	testErrors(t, "amd64", "amd64error")
}

func TestAMD64DynLinkErrors(t *testing.T) {

All container images are available as manifest lists and support the described
architectures. It is also possible to pull a specific architecture directly by
adding the "-$ARCH" suffix  to the container image name.

name | architectures
---- | -------------