from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class CommonHeaders(BaseModel):
    host: str
    save_data: bool
    if_modified_since: Union[str, None] = None
    traceparent: Union[str, None] = None
    x_tag: list[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    headers: Annotated[CommonHeaders, Header(convert_underscores=False)],
):

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}

# All required CUDA packages
cuda-compat-12-1
cuda-command-line-tools-12-1
cuda-cudart-dev-12-1
cuda-nvcc-12-1
cuda-cupti-12-1
cuda-nvprune-12-1
cuda-libraries-12-1
cuda-libraries-dev-12-1
cuda-nvml-dev-12-1
libcufft-12-1
libcurand-12-1
libcusolver-dev-12-1
libcusparse-dev-12-1
libcublas-12-1
libcublas-dev-12-1
libnccl-dev=2.18.3-1+cuda12.1
libnccl2=2.18.3-1+cuda12.1

# All required CUDA packages
cuda-compat-12-3
cuda-command-line-tools-12-3
cuda-cudart-dev-12-3
cuda-nvcc-12-3
cuda-cupti-12-3
cuda-nvprune-12-3
cuda-libraries-12-3
cuda-libraries-dev-12-3
cuda-nvml-dev-12-3
libcufft-12-3
libcurand-12-3
libcusolver-dev-12-3
libcusparse-dev-12-3
libcublas-12-3
libcublas-dev-12-3
libnccl-dev=2.19.3-1+cuda12.3
libnccl2=2.19.3-1+cuda12.3

Sie können den `Response`-Parameter auch in Abhängigkeiten deklarieren und darin Cookies (und Header) setzen.

## Eine `Response` direkt zurückgeben { #return-a-response-directly }

Sie können Cookies auch erstellen, wenn Sie eine `Response` direkt in Ihrem Code zurückgeben.

Dazu können Sie eine Response erstellen, wie unter [Eine Response direkt zurückgeben](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank} beschrieben.

from dataclasses import dataclass, field

from fastapi import FastAPI


@dataclass
class Item:
    name: str
    price: float
    tags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    description: str | None = None
    tax: float | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/next", response_model=Item)
async def read_next_item():
    return {
        "name": "Island In The Moon",
        "price": 12.99,

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = Field(
        default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300
    )
    price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero")
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(embed=True)):

from typing import Any, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: list[str] = []


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)
async def create_item(item: Item) -> Any:
    return item


@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item])

async def read_optional_list_bytes(p: Annotated[Optional[list[bytes]], File()] = None):
    return {"file_size": [len(file) for file in p] if p else None}


@app.post("/optional-list-uploadfile")
async def read_optional_list_uploadfile(
    p: Annotated[Optional[list[UploadFile]], File()] = None,
):
    return {"file_size": [file.size for file in p] if p else None}


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    [

from fastapi.params import Body, Cookie, Header, Param, Path, Query

test_data: list[Any] = ["teststr", None, ..., 1, []]


def get_user():
    return {}  # pragma: no cover


def test_param_repr_str():
    assert repr(Param("teststr")) == "Param(teststr)"


def test_param_repr_none():
    assert repr(Param(None)) == "Param(None)"


def test_param_repr_ellipsis():
    assert repr(Param(...)) == "Param(PydanticUndefined)"